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Oregon?s Death with Dignity Act, 2004.
This paper discusses the Oregon?s Death with Dignity Act and asks if physician-assisted death is death with dignity or assisting in a crime.
2,230 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the only successful legalization of physician-assisted suicide in the U.S.A., the Oregon law called the Death with Dignity Act, passed in 1994 by a voter referendum and hung up in court for three years before another voter referendum to repeal the law was defeated in November 1997, and it became legal. The author explains that personal experiences with dying family members led her to believe that terminally-ill patients should have the right to die as they wish, and physicians should have an important role in that decision. The paper relates that the public?s support for assisted suicide or physician-assisted suicide has increased over the past 50 years; today 72% of the population supports this issue.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Overview of the Law
Supporting Arguments
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The law also requires the prescribing physician to report all requests for medication to the Oregon Department of Human Services. In addition, in 1999, the Oregon Legislature added a requirement that pharmacists must be informed of the prescribed medication?s ultimate use. Physicians and patients that follow the above requirements are protected from criminal prosecution under the law. In addition, choosing physician-assisted suicide will not affect the status of a patient?s health or life insurance policies. There is no obligation for physicians and health care systems to participate in the law."
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Oregon Death with Dignity Act, 2008.
An examination of the Oregon Death with Dignity Act and its benefits to health care in the United States.
1,242 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Oregon's "right to die" legislation - its Death with Dignity Act. The paper discusses the strain on health care in the United States and then argues that allowing a patient to die of his/her own volition is a better use of health care facilities than taking heroic measures to prolong life, regardless how painful, demeaning or without purpose.
From the Paper
"Lost in the debate about Oregon's "right to die" legislation is that the State of Oregon also embarked on a thorough analysis of healthcare rationing. The state disallowed a number of categories of medical treatment, and cut back on a number of other such methods, in order to free up resources to focus on the sicker patients. The overall goal was to support procedures and the use of resources in such a way that healthcare was enhanced. The right-to-die legislation was part and parcel of this overall effort. Those backing the legislation in the State understood that heroic expenditures at the end of life were not only futile, but they diverted scarce resources from other areas where the patients could be better-helped."
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Death with Dignity Act (DWDA), 2006.
This paper is a literature review of physician-assisted suicide and a policy analysis of Oregon's Death with Dignity Act (DWDA)
7,800 words (approx. 31.2 pages), 32 sources, APA, $ 169.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that some of the issues regarding physician-assisted suicide are the evolution of rights, ethics and "the slippery slope" argument. The author points out that the issue of physician-assisted suicide has rapidly moved from being a secret, marginal matter to a real topic of discussion for most people in the United States. The paper contends that the issue of physician-assisted suicide is related to the availability of end-of-life palliative care.
Table of Contents:
Literature Review
Dr. Jack Kevorkian
The Federal Government and States Treat Physician-Assisted Suicide in the Courts
Doctors Speak Their Mind on Physician-Assisted Suicide
Scope of the Problem
A Question of Healthcare
Do The Terminally Ill Really Want Physician-Assisted Suicide?
Breakdown of Policy
Legislative Counsel Committee of the Oregon Legislative Assembly
How the Act Was Brought Into Being
Subsequent Progression to Present Day
From the Paper
"In 1997, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously upheld decisions in New York and Washington State that affected assisted suicide and made it illegal. They overturned rulings in the 2nd and 9th Circuit Courts of Appeal striking down state statutes banning physician-assisted suicide. Those statutes, which prohibited doctors from prescribing lethal medication to competent, terminally ill adults, were found to violate the 14th Amendment. In striking the appellate decisions, the U.S. Supreme Court basically declared that no constitutional "right to die" existed, but individual states might enact legislation permitting or prohibiting physician-assisted suicide."
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Death with Dignity, 2004.
This paper discusses the views of a doctor and Socrates on death and dying.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer makes use of the views of a doctor and of Socrates to demonstrate different views on death and dying. The writer examines the concept of a "good death" and death with dignity. The writer discusses how death with dignity currently refers more to medical science easing the pain of death, than to the Socratic idea.
From the Paper
"A great deal has been written in recent years about the concept of a good death or death with dignity. Sherwin B. Nuland stated that an entire mythology has grown up around the process of dying. Like most mythologies, it is based on the inborn psychological need that all humankind shares. The mythologies of death are meant to combat fear on the one hand and its opposite wishes on the other. It will be argued in this report that death with dignity is now understood ... "
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Death With Dignity Act, 2002.
An overview of this Oregon law dealing with legalizing euthanasia.
3,512 words (approx. 14.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
The Oregon Death with Dignity Act is a voter-approved initiative to allow for physician-assisted suicide under certain clearly defined circumstances and following specific procedures. This paper looks at the history of the law and the legal cases leading up to the passing of the law. Thereafter, the paper looks at the pros and cons of the law, reactions to the law by different interest groups and the law in reality.
From the Paper
"The first challenge to the law caused a federal judge to rule that Oregon's assistedsuicide law was unconstitutional because it unfairly discriminates against the dying. The court stated, "There is little assurance that only competent terminally ill persons will voluntarily die. Some 'good results' cannot outweigh other lives lost due to unconstitutional errors and abuses" ("Oregon AssistedSuicide Law Revoked" 18). Then, the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals rejected this lawsuit and ordered a lower court judge to throw out the suit against the 1994 law, stating that those bringing the suit could not show that they faced an imminent threat of harm and so had standing to bring the suit. This is the decision the Supreme Court then refused to hear. However, the U.S. Congress then considered a way around the law through the Assisted Suicide Funding Restriction Act of 1997, Senate bill 304, which included a provision that would ban the use of federal funds "to cause, or to assist in causing, the suicide, euthanasia or mercy killing of any individual" (Kalmeyer 3835)."
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Oregon's Death with Dignity Act, 2006.
Describes Oregon's Death with Dignity law.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the contents of Oregon's Death with Dignity law, the pros and cons of the statutes, and the potential impact of the law on the American health system. The paper includes the chronology of the law and efforts to repeal it.
From the Paper
"Oregon's Death with Dignity Act passed into law via a voter referendum in legalized physician-assisted suicide in cases in which an individual diagnosed as terminally ill seeks assistance in terminating his or her ..."
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Oregon DWDA, 2007.
This paper looks at the Death and Dignity Act in the state of Oregon.
5,628 words (approx. 22.5 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 136.95
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Abstract
The writer notes that today, with advanced technology and medical care, most terminal cases in hospitals, and greater involvement of legislation with privacy issues, dying has become complicated. In this article, the writer discusses that Oregon with its Death and Dignity Act (DWDA), permits terminally-ill state residents to end their lives through the voluntary self-administration of lethal medications, expressly prescribed by a physician for that purpose. The writer maintains that this issue presents a valuable opportunity for individuals to decide while they can how to react to end-of-life issues before they become too prominent. The writer concludes that it is hoped that people can be objective and look at both sides of this issue for themselves and others to determine what is best for most people in the long term.
From the Paper
"Implementation of the Oregon "Death with Dignity Act" was delayed by a legal injunction. However, after proceedings, which included a petition denied by the United States Supreme Court, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals lifted the injunction in October of 1997. In retaliation, at the upcoming November elections, the voters were asked to repeal the act through a general ballot. This time, when they rejected the repeal of the law by a wide margin of 60 to 40 percent, Oregon became the only state allowing legal physician-assisted suicide."
"The Death with Dignity Act permits terminally ill Oregon residents to obtain and use prescriptions from their doctors for self-administered, lethal medications. Under the Act, ending one's life in accordance with the law does not constitute suicide."
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"Beyond Freedom and Dignity", 2007.
A discussion of B.F. Skinner's controversial book, "Beyond Freedom and Dignity."
1,672 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper describes how in 1971, Skinner wrote "Beyond Freedom and Dignity" as an answer to the problems of the modern world, including crime, poverty, violence, pollution and overpopulation. Skinner argues that the classic theories of freedom and dignity are outdated and no longer apply to the "modern scientific understanding of man." Skinner asserts that humans are essentially animals that could be controlled by using his previously discovered and published observations about the domination of animals. The paper stresses that "Beyond Freedom and Dignity" goes far beyond psychology and enters into sociology, philosophy and politics. The paper contends that if viewed within these parameters, it is a work of value for generations to come.
Outline:
Abstract
A Synopsis of "Beyond Freedom and Dignity"
Skinner's Concept of "Freedom"
Skinner's Concept of "Dignity"
Conclusions
From the Paper
"A most interesting theory that Skinner puts forth in the book is the idea that, based upon his earlier research into animal motivation and control, that humans are essentially animals that could be controlled by using his previously discovered and published observations about the domination of animals through motivation and deprivation, subject to the same laws of stimulus-response that he observed in his "rat boxes", or what has come to be known as "Skinner Boxes" in psychological circles (Todd & Morris, 1995) . In the book, Skinner denies the existence of a "human mind", personal responsibility and any type of "inner personality" (Skinner, 1971). To him, free will, thoughts, and emotions only "seem" to exist."
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The Equal Pay Act of 1963 and the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 2006.
A discussion on whether the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 have managed to meet their intended objective of eliminating discrimination in relation to equal pay.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
Legislation relating to discrimination in the workplace that affects modern workers can be related to the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Equal Pay Act focused on gender and wages, attempting to create a national law that prohibited employers from paying women less than men for the same type of work. This paper maintains that, unfortunately, discrimination in relation to equal pay still exists in the United States, demonstrating that these laws had little effect on the realities within the workplace.
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Dignity and Privacy for the Elderly, 2007.
A literature review of issues related to dignity and privacy in the care of elderly patients.
2,070 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews various articles that discuss the issues of dignity and privacy for the elderly. It discusses interactions between elderly patients in care facilities, as well as the relationships between the elderly patients and the caregivers and health professionals. The paper then describes the consequences of negative experiences by elderly patients and possible solutions to the problems.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Suggestions, Reflections and Implications
Rationale of the Choice of Topic
From the Paper
"This source says that a Federal study affirmed the importance of assisted-living in delivering a "high degree of consistency" in the key areas of privacy and autonomy for senior patients. The national study was conducted by the US Department of Health and Human Services, focusing on residents and staff and the aspects of high service and high privacy. Specifically, it addressed assisted-living philosophy, services, staffing, cost and the residents' ability to age in place or substitute assisted-living for nursing home care. They expressed high satisfaction towards the staff for the show of dignity and respect, caring and affection. However, half of them observed an inadequacy of staff. In response, the Assisted-Living Federation of America or ALFA increased and made available a pool of available workers, courses for caregivers and recommendations. The trend indicated that more people enjoyed working with older people and that proper training would enhance employee commitment and recruitment itself."
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"Between Dignity and Despair", 2002.
A review of Marion Kaplan's book "Between Dignity and Despair", describing the plight of Jews in Nazi Germany.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper describes and analyzes the psychology and circumstances of the German Jews during and before the Holocaust as explained by Marion Kaplan in her book "Between Dignity and Despair".
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Death With Dignity, 2002.
This paper discusses the Oregon Right to Die With Dignity law.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 9 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the controversy over a terminally ill patient's desire to die with dignity instead of waiting to suffer a lengthy and slow process.
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"Beyond Freedom and Dignity" by B. F. Skinner, 1977.
This paper analyzes of the social and philosophical attitudes on human behavior in "Beyond Freedom and Dignity" by B. F. Skinner.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 1 source, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
This research is directed to an analysis of the social and philosophical attitudes on human behavior as outlined in the work Beyond Freedom and Dignity, by B. F. Skinner.
Modern psychological science has developed many technologies for the understanding and the techniques of the changing of behavior, other-wise known as behavior therapy, behavior modification, behavioral engineering. These different definitions are more basically similar than dissimilar. They derive from experimentally established procedures and principles, which ultimately means the experimenter is in control of the variables and the development of data, replication of the findings, and the required statement, in its own terms of reference, of the consequent generalizations. The work of Skinner and his group at Harvard College is now known and accepted as one of the most ... "
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Human Dignity in the Nazi Era, 2005.
A look at the implications for contemporary bioethics arising from the Nazi treatment of human beings.
7,812 words (approx. 31.2 pages), 76 sources, MLA, $ 169.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the justification for Nazi programs involving involuntary euthanasia, forced sterilisation, eugenics and human experimentation were strongly influenced by views about human dignity. It looks at how the historical development of these views should be examined today because discussions of human worth and value are integral to medical ethics and bioethics. It discusses how social Darwinism was foremost amongst the philosophies impacting views of human dignity in the decades leading up to Nazi power in Germany and how Charles Darwin's evolutionary theory was quickly applied to human beings and social structure.
Outline
Abstract
Background
Major Influences
Malthusianism
Herbert Spencer
Natural Selection
Hereditary
Eugenics
The Path to Nazi Medicine
Five Beliefs and their Impact on Bioethics
The Nature of Ethics
Human Distinctiveness
Human Gradation
Life Not Worth Living
Survival Of The Fittest
Inherent Human Dignity
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Social Darwinism was foremost amongst the philosophies impacting views of human dignity in the decades leading up to Nazi power in Germany. Charles Darwin's evolutionary theory was quickly applied to human beings and social structure. The term 'survival of the fittest' was coined and seen to be applicable to humans. Belief in the inherent dignity of all humans was rejected by social Darwinists. Influential authors of the day proclaimed that an individual's worth and value were to be determined functionally and materialistically. The popularity of such views ideologically prepared German doctors and nurses to accept Nazi social policies promoting survival of only the fittest humans. A historical survey reveals five general presuppositions that strongly impacted medical ethics in the Nazi era. These same five beliefs are being promoted in different ways in contemporary bioethical discourse. "
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