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Language to Leadership in Eastern Philosophy, 2005.
Discusses and compares conceptions of language and knowledge in Taoism and Confucianism.
2,211 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
Both Confucianism and Taoism hold strikingly differing positions on the importance and significance of language. This paper shows that, while this conflict may initially seem purely academic, these positions form the foundation of their ideologies, influencing subsequent positions on every aspect of life, right up to the correct way to lead a nation.
From the Paper
"Thus, the accuracy of language serves as a foundation for all other abilities, including the acquisition of knowledge and leadership. This foundation should be solid and strong, without embellishment, and without exaggeration. Confucius often displays exquisite care in his own language, especially when he is asked whether or not a specific person fits a certain title, such as "ren" or "scholar." He is also conscious of his overall choice of words and tone: "At court, when speaking with officers of lower rank, he was pleasant and affable; when speaking with officers of upper rank, he was formal and proper." His own care, and the distain with which he frequently refers to those who use fanciful language or who cannot back up their speech with actions, demonstrates his advocacy of speech as a concrete, firm resting place for ideas. "Words," he explains, "should convey their message, and leave it at that.""
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Eastern and Middle Eastern Religions, 2007.
This paper discusses the Eastern and Middle Eastern religions of Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam and Sikhism
1,890 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Buddhism is a somewhat unique religion in that it does not personify the concept of god but rather the Buddha, who is a normal human having come to enlightenment and salvation through suffering; however, Hinduism is far more focused on divinity and messages from a spiritual realm beyond the understanding of humanity. The author points out that Islam, which is considered one of the three Abrahamic, monotheistic faiths, the other two being Judaism and Christianity, uses Allah (God), who is eternal, transcended and part of humanity in his compassion and mercy. The paper relates that Sikhism, which shares with Islam the paradigm of a single god, operates on the principle that all human beings are equal and should not be distinguished by parameters such as social class and royalty.
Table of Contents:
Buddhism
Hinduism
Islam
Sikhism
From the Paper
"In terms of salvation, Sikhism is close to Hinduism in its belief of the cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth. According to Sikhism, there is a progressive journey of the soul from the lowest orders of life, such as plants and animals, to the highest order of physical existence, being human. While several rebirths at this level of existence is possible, having reached human life means that the journey is close to completion. The soul reaches God at the point of physical death, where it is judged in order to determine whether more rebirth is required."
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American Interest in Eastern Thought, 2002.
A discussion of the modern American exploration of Eastern religions and philosophies.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper will argue that Americans' increasing interest in Eastern religion/philosophy - often at the expense of established religions - reflects a deeper transformation in American society during the modern era. As the educational standards and economic prosperity of Americans increased, so too did their dissatisfaction with this same materialism and the institutions (established religions / government) associated with it. When the "baby boom" generation finally assumed a dominant role in American society, their counter-cultural values - living in the moment; personal spirituality, not structured orthodoxy - became mainstream American culture, setting the stage for our renewed engagement with Eastern religion/philosophy in the twenty-first century.
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Evidence of Existentialist Philosophy In John Gardner's Grendel, 2003.
This essay traces the development of Grendel's reluctant acceptance of an existentialist philosophy in John Gardner's novel.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 4 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
The following essay shows how the central character in Gardner?s novel, Grendel, moves away from a nihilistic sense of self and toward what eastern philosophies describe as a sense of enlightenment.
From the paper:
?In his very early days, even the evil, man-eating Grendel was an innocent creature. ?I lived those years, as do all young things, in a spell. Like a puppy nipping, playfully growling preparing for battle with wolves? (Gardner 16). It is only when he ventures into the world and gets caught in a tree from which he is unable to escape, that he experiences his first fears that the world is not as he had previously conceived it to be. With his foot stuck in the tree and a bull repeatedly charging, but missing him, Grendel comes to a realization. ?I understood that, finally and absolutely, I alone exist. All the rest, I saw, is merely what pushes me or what I push against, blindly . . .? (Gardner 22). It is also during this particular scene that Grendel first comes into contact with men.?
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Freedom, 2005.
A comparison of the concepts of freedom in Eastern and Western philosophies.
1,658 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the concept of freedom is a very relative one that is dependant on a person's mindset. It compares how this concept is expressed in differing cultures and philosophies between Eastern worlds and Western worlds.
From the Paper
"There can be as many definitions of freedom as many people we have in this world. Everybody defines freedom according to his own mindset. Intellectuals demand freedom of thought and expression. Young men ask for the freedom of action. Rebels fight for the freedom to think out of the way and challenge the status quo. In short, everyone wants to exercise his own will within his limited sphere. Similarly, East and West have their own definitions of freedom. West defines freedom as one?s right to think, say and do according to one?s choice and regardless of any discrimination on the basis of gender, age, race, caste or creed. On the other hand, East freedom has some spiritual dimensions. Here freedom means the freedom of spirit - freedom from want, freedom from fear and freedom from guilt and in the end freedom from illusions. (Heehs: 2002)"
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Confucianism and Taoism, 2002.
This paper discusses discusses two Eastern philosophies: Taoism and Confucianism.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Taoism is a philosophy, which advocates a contemplative life in accord with nature, unspoiled by intellectual evaluations. The author relates that Confucianism is a philosophy, greatly concerned with social relations, conduct and human society.
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Eastern Religion and U.S. Pop Culture, 2004.
A look at how Eastern Religion, Eastern mysticism, and magic influence the pop culture in America.
2,213 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how ?Eastern religion?, also alluded to as ?Eastern mysticism? and ?mysticism? and the occult, along with magic and its many off-shoots, have had a considerable influence on American pop culture over the past few decades. It looks at how movies, books, and music all have been touched and enhanced by mysticism and its cousins.
Outline
Introduction to Eastern Religion, Eastern Mysticism and Magic
The Beatles and Transcendental Meditation: Rock Superstars Dipping into an Ancient Mysticism to find Peace in a World Drenched in Chaos and Materialism
Martin Scorsese and Eastern Mysticism
Harry Potter?s Magic as a Mystical Force in Pop Culture
From the Paper
"For many people who came of age and got into rock music in the 1960s and 1970s, and perhaps smoked some marijuana and even experimented with LSD, their interest in eastern religion and mysticism began with the Beatles? fascination with ? and association with ? the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. It was John Lennon and George Harrison, in particular, who embraced the Maharishi in the late 1970s and early 1980s, in the town of Rishikesh, deep in the Himalayan foothills of northern India. The media clamored for photos of the Beatles hanging out and drinking in the good vibes of this holy man in white robes who preached peace through self-awareness and higher consciousness through meditation."
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Eastern Influence on Victorian Interiors, 2005.
This essay discusses the eastern influence, learned from the London's Great Exhibition, on Victorian interiors.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 4 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Great Exhibition, an international exposition or world's fair, held in London in 1851, was a major influence on interior design. The author points out that the exhibition was a world exhibition in the modern sense. The paper describes that the exhibit incorporated objects from a variety of cultures, particularly eastern and middle eastern cultures, which was copied in the decorating of private homes.
From the Paper
"One eloquent expression of the optimism and confidence that Britain felt during the mid-Victorian period (1848-70) was the World Exposition, sponsored and spearheaded by Prince Albert in 1851. This ambitious project was, in fact, representative of several things, including the expansion of Prince Albert's official role beyond that of the Queen's husband and toward that of a leader in culture and public education. This was a world exhibition in the modern sense; participation from the international community, particularly from countries in which Britain had a colonial presence, was actively solicited, and this produced a truly international project with samples of cultural objects from a wide variety of cultures."
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Eastern, Central and Western Europe, 2007.
This paper reviews Ivan T. Berend's "History Derailed: Central and Eastern Europe during the Long Nineteenth Century".
1,348 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that Ivan T. Berend, in his book "History Derailed: Central and Eastern Europe during the Long Nineteenth Century", discusses the perceptible insecurity of Eastern and Central Europe as it witnessed the dramatic rise of Western Europe to global prominence. The paper then examines Berend's failure, in the book, to draw the explicit linkages that might make the unfolding of Central and Eastern European history more comprehensible to first-time students. Additionally, the paper points out the strong and lucid organization of Berend's work but concludes that, while a generally engaging and well-written text, Berend's work is certainly not without its apparent flaws. .
From the Paper
"To begin with, Berend does a capable job of outlining the instigating factors which made it incumbent upon Eastern Europe to "modernize". Not least of all, Eastern and Central Europe was compelled to re-assess its own progress and economic system in light of the startling ascendancy of the west. Most crucial of all, Berend touches upon the fact that Eastern European and Central European nations felt themselves not only backward relative to the west, but also vulnerable to any expansionist ambitions their western colleagues might contemplate. In a related vein, the elite of the aforementioned nations was troubled by the fact that it was being consigned (indeed, already was consigned) to the continental periphery (Berend, 1; for a further discussion of Western European ascendancy, please see also pages 5-8). The inclusion of such sentiments in the book may seem a small matter, but what Berend has done is remind readers of how so much of what passed for Central and European politics in the "long nineteenth century" was motivated feelings of fear and pangs of insecurity."
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Split between Roman and Byzantine, Western and Eastern Churches, 2008.
A discussion of whether Rome wanted to unite with the Eastern churches, or simply require submission from them.
3,437 words (approx. 13.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that although Rome genuinely desired reunification with the Eastern churches, this was premised upon the expectation that it would submit to the authority of the Pope. The paper explains that this was not achieved, because a key reason for the schism was the Eastern church's refusal to acknowledge the authority of the bishop of Rome. The paper then looks at how the Western church's desire for reunification would have required submission, it is argued that the Western church really sought nothing less than the submission of the Eastern church. The paper suggest that it was not looking for partnership, it was looking for domination. The writer believes that this, coupled with the fact that the schism was so very far reaching and profound, meant that unification was simply not possible.
From the Paper
"The other major reason for the schism relates directly to the issue of power and dominance. The Eastern Church and the Western Church had for a long time been growing increasingly estranged due to disputes over papal authority. As summarized by Congar, the "Oriental schism came about by a progressive estrangement." This came to a head when Pope Leo IX proclaimed his authority over the four Eastern patriarchs. This authority was firmly repudiated by the Eastern Church, and continues to be repudiated to this day."
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Eastern and Western Europe: A Political Comparison, 2002.
An analysis of the differing cultures and mentalities and politics of Eastern and Western Europe.
1,502 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Eastern and Western Europe have always been different from each other, both politically and socially. Clear distinctions have always been drawn between the two areas. It shows how from their ancient beginnings, shrouded in the mists of history to modern times, Eastern and Western Europe have followed different paths in their development. Even today, the political and social climate in these two areas is distinctly different, and it is obvious to a traveler that they are in one or the other without being told. This paper explores the divergent developments of Eastern and Western Europe and looks for the various factors that contributed to the different paths each region has taken.
From the Paper
"Eastern Europe is a region that traditionally encompasses all of the land from the Balkans to Czechoslovakia to Poland. Eastern Europe today is just beginning to recover from decades under Communist rule, and capitalism is beginning to re-emerge. There is a highly concentrated number of working class people in Easter Europe, one of the highest concentrations of any area in the world. However, despite this high concentration of working people, there is still a large amount of collectivized state property, a remnant of communism. Any strike or disruption in the workforce in Eastern Europe is automatically a political situation, because the employer is the state. There is also a high degree of pollution in Eastern Europe, caused by the rapid push toward industrialization forced on it by the communists. This pollution has lead to environmental degradation and a high number of people operating at less than optimal health in the region. Eastern Europe today is struggling; it is not thriving, but it has not yet bowed down its head in defeat."
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William Brandt's Eastern and Western Policies, 2008.
An examination of how Wlliam Brandt's Eastern policy affected his Western policy.
2,722 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the policies of William Brandt. who became chancellor of West Germany in 1969. The paper specifically discusses how his Eastern policy affected his Western policy. It also discusses Brandt's main objectives surrounding Ostpolitik (his Eastern policy) and the differing effects it had on his Western policy. In addition, the paper looks at the effects of Brandt's Eastern policy on his West policy after his resignation.
From the Paper
"Brandt's contribution to settling the European question must not be underestimated. His work with the East paved the way for Western countries to wok with the Eastern bloc to settle political debates. The question of German reunification and European detente were two different aims during Brandt's chancellorship, as suggested by Scheel in 1974 when he commented that 'Europe is concerned about the bloc divide, but not concerned about the German divide' . Brandt's innovative Warsaw treaty saw the first recognition of post-WW2 territory with regards to the Polish Oder-Neisse line; this sent a message to the rest of Europe that the continent must move on, a notion supported by Turner . Moreover Brandt's famous kneeling salute in Warsaw reverberated around the Western world and it was realised that better relations with the East were possible and must proceed. Brandt's Ostpolitik laid the groundwork for the influential Helsinki Conference, which by 1975 included all European countries and continued until 1982, becoming a crucial factor in eventual European unification. Moreover the Four Power economic summit included West Germany in 1979 under the work of Helmut Schmidt, who continued the policies founded by Brandt."
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Eastern Sexual Practices, 2006.
A discussion regarding sexual practice as religious and political tools in eastern cultures.
937 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at how the intermixing of the religious and political leaderships in eastern countries, has involved ideas of the conflict between ordinary sex and religious sex. The paper further discusses how certain practices are acceptable in eastern cultures, while others are consider to be foreign.
From the Paper
"Sexual identity in India has been bound with national identity, as Heather S. Dell shows in discussing the country as an example of a colonial nation in which was imposed ideas of women's sexual impropriety. In post-colonial India, sexual discourse and sexual practice have been used to contest social territory. In the colonial system, the middle class developed a contract between the ideal Indian middle-class wife and the proletarian prostitute, using the idea of the wife as a domain for nationalist, class-based respectability at odds with supposed colonial influence. The middle-class wife represented the ideal of the Indian home as opposed to an idea of sex in the colonized world. In India, this meant a contrast between Indian sexuality and British sexuality."
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Women of Middle Eastern Descent, 2005.
An analysis of the experiences of women of Middle Eastern descent in America post- 9/11.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 8 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
The paper outlines the experiences of many Muslim and Middle Eastern women post 9/11. The paper also examines what these women have done to protect themselves from attacks. The last several pages show the lives of Middle Eastern women in America as being occasionally fraught with worry and uncertainty as America comes to terms with its own feelings about 9/11 and as the country works to differentiate ordinary Muslims from Islamo-fascist extremists.
From the Paper
"The events of September 11, 2001 have lodged deep in the viscera of most - if not all - Americans. In the aftermath of this gruesome tragedy, many Americans understandably evinced a deep antipathy towards Middle Eastern (specifically Muslim) women residing in the world's wealthiest and still most powerful nation. With the aforementioned in mind, the following paper will review what life has been like for Muslim women over the past four years by revealing some of the hardships they have faced in post-9/11 America. Proceeding onward, the paper will also look at what these women have done to protect themselves and, in a related vein, what their future in the United States portends. As will soon become apparent, the terrorist attacks in New York and in Washington brought to an end one era in American history and ushered in a new one."
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Eastern European Sex Workers, 2005.
This paper discusses sex trades workers from Eastern Europe who migrate to Canada.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 8 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that not only are there sex trades workers from Eastern Europe who migrate to Canada by their own will but also other sex trade workers are forced by traffickers to migrate. The author points out that women from Eastern Europe choose Canada as a good country for immigration because the mass media inform them about Canada as a land of opportunities. The paper stresses that the reality is very different.
From the Paper
'Many women intentionally come to Canada each year from Eastern Europe to work in the sex trade, especially in Toronto. Other women from the same area are trafficked by criminals. I am interested in both groups, especially the women who come of their own free will. My question concerns their reasons for immigrating and their satisfaction later. I do know that the women who enter the sex trade are poor and have little or no opportunities. Sex trafficking operates two ways, both into and out of Eastern Europe. Sexual trafficking is a trap ... .'
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