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Patronage and Musician Repertoire, 2008.
A case study examination of the relationship between patronage and musician repertoire during the Baroque period.
1,958 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Baroque period of 1600 - 1750. It discusses the role that patronage played in the lives of musicians and the repertoire that was composed or performed by them. It then examines three case studies in terms of their most significant musicians-in-residence, their socio-cultural environment, opportunities for performance and composition and their locally preferred musical styles.
Table of Contents:
Royal Patronage
Religious Patronage
Civic Patronage
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Patronage in the period of glory for Baroque music greatly influences the portfolio of compositions. This happens, at least in part, depending on the composer and the role he is playing within the patron-composer relationship. In the case of Lully, for example, the influence was total, in the sense that Lully's works existed only within the framework defined for him by the absolute monarchy. Ranging from the ampleness of his operas, to the fact that he is one of the first to promote the idea of a French opera and to the machineries that are used to make grandiose spectacles - everything points out that the role of the composer is strictly determined by the patron."
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The Patronage System and Renaissance Literature, 2007.
An overview of the influence of the patronage system on English Renaissance writers.
2,603 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of why, in "Self-Crowned Laureates," Richard Helgerson places English Renaissance writers within a patronage system that frequently influenced the content of their works. To this end, an analysis of Ben Jonson's poem "To Penshurst" and his "Masque of Blackness"; Aemilia Lanyer's poems "The Description of Cooke-ham" and "Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum"; John Milton's masque "Comus," and Mary Wroth's "Urania" is conducted to determine what or why these works were written, as well as the specific patrons that provided these Renaissance writers with political or social favors or monetary remuneration in exchange for their services. An assessment of how women writers from this era frequently dedicated their writings to powerful figures is followed by an analysis of how the appeal to a patron authorized these writers to act and the manner in which these poets advance themselves socially through their art. A discussion of how class difference troubled or enhanced these writers is provided in the conclusion.
Outline
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The patronage system under which Jonson created was one in which he was compelled write for the gentry but he was not that happy about it, because he thought himself the better person because of his talent, whereas the aristocracy had money but not talent. Yet he had to write such works as "To Penshurst" just to make a living and in the hopes, too, that he could raise up in society. In this regard, Loewenstein and Mueller (2002) report that, "Literature became the unofficial currency of the patronage system - well-turned sonnets, graceful compliments and effusive book-dedications being among the recognized ways by which hopeful candidates would present themselves for the job. Patronage came in all shapes and sizes, from permanent positions to more sporadic offerings, gifts or payments in kind" (346). In this regard, Briggs (1997) emphasizes that Jonson's poem, "To Penshurst," is absolutely rife with effusive praise for one such landholder who was deemed benevolent simply by virtue of not being evil. "
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The Cultural Patronage of the De' Medici, 2002.
An examination of the contribution of the De' Medici family in 15th century Florence, Italy to the Renaissance.
1,687 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how in the early 15th century, the city of Florence took cultural command of Italy and inaugurated the Renaissance, a period highlighted by great achievements in the arts and architecture. It looks at how the Medici, bankers to all of Europe, became such lavish patrons of the arts that to this day the name of Medici connotes any generous patron of the fine arts and thus, the history of Florence cannot be separated from the House of the Medici.
From the Paper
"Scarcely any great architect, painter, sculptor, philosopher or humanist scholar was unknown or unaffected by the power and influence of the Medici family. Cosimo de' Medici began the first public library since the ancient world (comparable to that at Alexandria), and it has been estimated that in the course of thirty years that Cosimo de' Medici and other members of his family spent almost $20,000,000 for manuscripts and books, a clear indication of the financial power behind the establishment of humanism in the Renaissance era. However, Cosimo de' Medici, always the careful businessman with a keen eye for what was truly beautiful and worth supporting, was not sentimental about his endowment of art and scholarship, for he once stated that his good works were "not only for the honor of God but (also) for my own remembrance." "
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The Art of Kano Tanyu, 2002.
Explores the function of patronage and aesthetics in the art of 17th century Japanese artist Kano Tanyu.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This essay - discussing the life and art of Kano Tanyu (1602-1674) - will argue that Tanyu represents a classic example of the function of patronage in the production of art. In 17th century Japan the styles and subjects of art differed depending upon the class who were to be the designated audience for the art. The Kano family had tied its fortunes to the ruling Tokugawa clan from an early date; Tanyu's artist father having moved to Edo at the order of the shogun.
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Shakespeare, 2004.
An analysis of the literary work of William Shakespeare and the issue of patronage.
1,022 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses a playwright's patronage by a wealthy individual. The paper explains that this was common practice and indeed essential, in Shakespeare's time. The paper examines William Shakespeare's "A Midsummer Night's Dream" in an effort to determine whether parts of it were rewritten by Shakespeare upon request of one of his patron's, in honor of a wedding.
From the Paper
"Whether Shakespeare was pandering to Elizabeth Carey's powerful father and grandfather or not, his other patron was-and had to be-Queen Elizabeth herself. In addition, it is in honor of that patronage that Shakespeare used abundant maritime references in the play. Shakespeare is thought to have been creating his own specialized mythology in the play-something he could well be expected to do considering his education-but he was also have been honoring Queen Elizabeth's maritime prowess, and certainly he made reference to the "Virgin Queen" when he wrote of the "fair vestal throned by the west" (Edgecombe, 2000, unpaged)."
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Art in 15th Century Florence, Italy, 2001.
Reasons for flowering of art, political background, Medici family patronage.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 10 sources, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
"The reasons for the extraordinary flowering of art in fifteenth-century Florence are extremely complex and range from the prosperity and cosmopolitanism of the city to the humanists' new ideas about humanity and new relationship with antiquity to the earliest stirrings of the modern concept of the artist. One undoubted source of the sheer volume of Florentine art and its innovative nature is the demand formulated by the city's patrons--guilds, confraternities, churches, religious orders, civil government, and, above all, the Medici Family--with its special devotion to the ideal of magnificence--and the many other wealthy Florentines who imitated them. In the midst of their prosperity and under the influence of evolving ideas fifteenth-century Florentines became a new kind of consumer and their patronage facilitated the extraordinary performance of art as "it underwent.."
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Medici Family, 2005.
A discussion of the art patronage of the Medicis during the Baroque period.
2,875 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
The history of the Medici family in Italy clearly illustrates the difference between a true patron and a collector of fine art. This paper explains that with the collector, new artistic movements are, at times, very difficult to locate, which inevitably leads to the collector amassing works of art based on certain styles and motifs or even specific painters or sculptors from various artistic periods. The writer points out however that with the patron, such as Cosimo I and Lorenzo the Magnificent in the Renaissance and Cosimo III and Cardinal Leopoldo in the Baroque era, the almost in-born desire to vigorously encourage the development and spread of fine art is without competition, for the patron is truly the purveyor of artistic history, at least in western civilization.
From the Paper
"Of course, when the Medici family did finally expire in the mid 18th century, the great artists, such as Michelangelo, Da Vinci, Brunelleschi and Bernini, had also expired and their successors, although very talented and inspirational, did not possess the genius of these men which may help to explain why patronage itself waned after the Baroque era. In addition, it could be said that without the Medici family and its enormous wealth and prestige the Renaissance and Baroque eras might never have existed. Thus, the Medici, along with other prominent art patrons, allowed for the formation of several outstanding art periods which not only helped to create and foster great talent but also made it possible for the common, everyday man or woman to gaze in awe at their works of wonder and contemplate the very nature of their creators and those that supported them without question or authority."
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President James K Polk, 1991.
This paper discusses the presidential career of James K. Polk (1845-49): Land acquisitions, war against Mexico, leadership style, party patronage, dealings with Congress, foreign policy, judicial issues and public opinion.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 8 sources, $ 127.95
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From the Paper
"This paper will be concerned with the presidential career of James K. Polk. It will evaluate various aspects of Polk's presidency in order to arrive at an overall assessment of his effectiveness. James Knox Polk was born in North Carolina in 1795. After graduating from the University of North Carolina, Polk became a respected lawyer in the state of Tennessee. By age thirty, Polk had become a member of the House of Representatives, and ten years later he was elected Speaker of the House. In 1839, Polk was elected to the governorship of Tennessee. In 1841 and 1843, he tried unsuccessfully to be re-elected as governor. In 1844, Polk gave up on the governorship and entered the Democratic national elections as running mate under presidential hopeful Martin Van Buren. Van Buren had already served as president from 1837 to 1841. In 1844, the former president ...
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Rococo Painting, 1995.
Examines the sociohistorical development of the 17th Century-18th Century French style, focusing on the works of Francois Boucher and Jean-Honore Fragonard. Discusses the role of the Royal Academy, patronage, interior reality, colors and major works.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 14 sources, $ 119.95
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From the Paper
"Rococo. The very term has become commonplace as the synonym for "decorative," "frilly" and "frivolous" art. That in itself is a step up from its origins as a derogatory term derived from the French word rocaille. The original invention of the term in the early 1800s was essentially a caricature, a satirical disparagement which consigned the entire Rococo period (circa 1680-1775) to being little more than an architectural style of playful decoration.. Likewise, our contemporary art historians and critics are rarely kind to the Rococo style - and are particularly hard on its artists. "The eighteenth century," one college text proclaims,. "did not produce a single figure in the visual arts to rank with the universal masters of previous epochs." Like all such sweeping generalizations, both criticisms - new and old - miss key elements in the character of Rococo ..."
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Lorenzo De Medici & Italian Art, 1997.
Cultural background, role of Medici patronage in art of Renaissance in Florence, politics, humanism, major artists & works.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 11 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine Lorenzo de' Medici and the arts in Florence during the Italian Renaissance. The plan of the research will be to set forth the historical context in which Florence and the Medici family became relevant to the emergence of Italian Renaissance art, and then to discuss the shape and significance of Medici influence on the phenomenon.
In order to appreciate the significance of Lorenzo de Medici for the Renaissance and for the arts of the period, it is first necessary to examine how the concept emerged in Europe, setting the stage for Medici influence. The Renaissance refers to the period, beginning as early as the fourteenth century, when the culture of Western civilization made transition from medievalism to modernism. Kirchner says that it dates from 1350 and "was distinguished by a spirit of confidence in man's achievements and .."
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Lorenzo De' Medici,, 1997.
Life, education, philosophy, writings & artistic patronage of head of 15th Cent. Italian Renaissance family.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"In the fifteenth century, the Medici family rose to power in Florence from an undistinguished background. Like most of the Renaissance rulers in Italian towns, the Medici became prominent patrons of learning and the arts. In the rapidly expanding cities, the merchant guilds, mendicant orders, and leading families saw patronage as a means of expressing both their growing wealth and power. The arts were good for the cities' economy and prestige, and, for an obscure family like the Medici, such sponsorship increased their personal prestige. In the fifteenth century, "merchants turned into courtiers" (Kempers 15). No matter whether they were particularly interested in scholarship or the arts, the families also began to value patronage because it demonstrated their cultured attitudes. Men like Cosimo de' Medici spent heavily on public works because.."
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Medici Family, 2003.
A discussion on the influences the Medici family in Renaissance Italy.
2,990 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Medici family in Renaissance Italy. It expands on the family's advancement of cultural life of Florence. The paper researches its political and economic power. Also mentioned in the paper is the family's patronage of the arts and its influence on the development of Italy.
From the Paper
"The rule of the Medici family in Florence had an enormous influence on the city-state and on the Renaissance in Italy and Europe. The Medici family advanced the cultural and civic life of Florence making it the cultural center of all Europe. Politically the ..."
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Tchaikovsky, 2006.
This well-researched paper details the life and accomplishments of Russian composer and musician Pyotr Ilych Tchaikovsky.
2,571 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the Romantic period in music, which spanned the majority of the 1800s and was born out of the Classical era. This paper also delves into the personal life and the musical contributions of Tchaikovsky, from his birth in 1840 and up until his suspected suicide 1893. The writer of this paper examines the major events in Tchaikovsky's childhood that both influenced and motivated his music, including the death of his mother when he was just 14. This paper examines Tchaikovsky's musical training which began at the age of 20, against his family's wishes. This paper discusses the various mentors who encouraged his passion for music, including his childhood tutor, Fanny Durbach. The writer also discusses the success and fame that the composer experienced during his lifetime, due in large part to the patronage of a wealthy widow that was fond of his work. This paper delves into the personal life of Tchaikovsky, who kept his homosexuality a secret. It is suspected that Tchaikovsky killed himself to protect the honor of his lover.
From the Paper
"After his mother's death, Tchaikovsky's father sent him to a civil-service/military boarding school where he was expected to study law and spend his career in that line of work. However, at the age of twenty years old, he abandoned his clerk job at the Ministry of Justice, and began to study music at the St. Petersburg Conservatory of Music. His family protested fervently, but that mattered not to him, for after witnessing Mozart's Don Giovanni, he knew that he had no choice but to pursue a life dedicated to music. He has a particular knack for improvisation from the start, showing a "rich sense of harmony" and head for dance-rhythms. However, he was noticeably undereducated in the area of music. Basic music theory concepts and works by well-known composers were not necessary for his education to begin, for he frequented the Italian operas that played in Russia, and he had the drive and the passion."
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How to Make Black America Better, 2006.
This paper reviews and examines the 10 challenges facing black Americans as detailed in Tavis Smiley's "How to Make Black America Better: Leading African Americans Speak Out."
939 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 0 sources, $ 33.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper contends that Tavis Smiley's "How to Make Black America Better: Leading African Americans Speak Out" is a cry for black Americans to support their communities and respect themselves. This paper details the 10 challenges in Smiley's book, most of which focus on issues such as education, money and health. This paper analyzes the author's contention that black Americans, compared to whites, are at an overall disadvantage. This paper examines many of the essays in the book, penned by various writers, which deal with racism, ridicule and disrespect for no other reason than race. Among the many concerns, other than health, poverty and education, this book discusses the need for political involvement and the patronage of black businesses which is still a major obstacle that African-Americans need to overcome.
From the Paper
"Some of this discrimination is intentional, but there is also discrimination that is not deliberate, but simply happens because of the way that laws are written or the way that things have always been done. This is the kind of discrimination that should be addressed and changed, because it can be altered much more easily than dealing with the hatred of a few people that will always discriminate as much as they can get away with, as often as they can. Smiley's collection of essays indicate that this type of hatred cannot really be stopped or avoided, but that there are always legal and reliable ways for black Americans to do well and succeed if that is the path that they choose. The essays also show that black Americans must be made aware of this path and that they have the option of being more than what they are."
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President Andrew Jackson, 2007.
This paper discusses Andrew Jackson and his influence on the U.S. Presidency.
2,790 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Andrew Jackson, seventh President of the United States, was the first President to attain office from outside the inner circle of presidential politics and the established procedure for advancement, the first President from the "new" West and from a state other than the original thirteen and the first President to be a self-made wealthy frontier gentleman. The author points out that Jackson used his magnetism to change the presidency. The paper relates that the Jacksonian presidency asserted the independence of the executive from the other two branches of government by making liberal use of the presidential veto, by turning to the party organization to maintain and to extend his power and by reducing the power of the cabinet and patronage.
From the Paper
"After subduing Florida and serving briefly as governor of that new territory, Jackson moved easily with the changing tides of national politics and in rapid order was, again, United States senator, presidential candidate, party leader, and president-elect, the oldest person thus far elected to that office. Beginning on a chaotic Inauguration Day, the "day of the people," Jackson brought to the presidency a strong, resourceful, and ambitious personality, revealed in a commanding and dignified presence which had both a charismatic ability to charm and an ability to offend. He was clearly in command of the White House and from that day to this has been a controversial figure."
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