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Quantum Mechanics, 2002.
An analysis of the development of quantum mechanics, including an outline of the stages which led to the development.
1,847 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the development of quantum mechanics, illustrating its background which began with the classical theory of the atom, continued to Bohr?s simple atomic theory, and was developed further with de Broglie?s wave theory, Heisenberg?s uncertainty principle and Schrodinger?s equation. To further investigate the development of quantum mechanics, each of these stages are looked at in more detail, showing the main ideas that each stage added to the understanding of the atom. This paper shows that quantum mechanics is based on the combination of the ideas of many scientists, with the final acceptance of quantum theory occurring when Schrodinger?s equation tied together previous theories and allowed them to be applied to subatomic particles.
From the Paper
"The classical theory of the atom is based on the model of an atom being made up of a positive nucleus containing protons and neutrons with negatively charged electrons orbiting around this nucleus. This model was first proposed by Rutherford in 1911 who described the atom saying, ?Most of the volume of the atom is empty space in which electrons move around the nucleus.? This basic model of the atom has been expanded on and used to determine how chemicals react with each other, the charges of chemicals and the physical properties of chemicals. While this has involved expanding the theory, the basic understanding of the structure remains the same."
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Quantum Mechanic Theory of the Atom, 1999.
A detailed explanation of the basic principles of the Quantum Mechanic Theory of the atom.
790 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This essay explains the basis of Quantum Mechanic Theory of the atom, which describes the behavior of electrons in atoms & molecules. The author examines this theory and provides a detailed analysis of it.
From the Paper
"The Quantum Mechanics Theory describes the behavior of electrons in atoms & molecules. Quantum Mechanics is also referred to as Wave Mechanics. The theory of quantum mechanics tells us that in the atom, electron waves are standing waves. This theory was devised by Max Planck in 1901. He stated that light is emitted by the atoms of a luminous body in separate packets or bundles of energy called quanta or photons. One or more of the electrons revolving about the nucleus of an atom can be made to jump from one orbit to another. As they do so one or more photons are emitted. This energy radiates from the luminous body as electromagnetic waves. The energy content of a photon determines the length and frequency of the wave. Wave mechanics views the probability of finding an electron at a given point in space."
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Fluid Mechanics, 2002.
A look at the basic principles of fluid mechanics.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This ten-page undergraduate paper examines and analyzes the basic principles of fluid mechanics, and discusses the various applications of fluid mechanics in engineering, the natural world, and the human body.
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Mechanics and Dynamics, 2004.
Overview of dynamics, a branch of study that analyzes motion in relation to objects.
3,426 words (approx. 13.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper first defines mechanics, a branch of study that deals with the influence of forces acting on bodies and dynamic responses of bodies to the imposition of those forces, and then lists the three different subdivision of mechanics. Included in this subdivision is dynamics, which the paper also explains and describes as it relates to the study of mechanics.
From the Paper
"Life without motion is better explained as death. A living being is said to be having life only when the walls of the heart engage in pumping the blood, when the blood circulates through the entire body, when nerves impulse electrically from brain to toe, lungs move to bring oxygen, food transports through the stomach and intestines, when the iris expands and contracts, when the eyeball rotates, etc. Not only in the living beings, the riddles of the non-living items like recoiling of a fired gun, acceleration of an automobile, action of a spinning top, the motion of a space rocket can also be broken down in terms of the analysis of motion."
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Core Mechanics of Angels versus Demons, 2005.
A discussion of the working of a computer game based around the Bible.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 0 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the mechanics of a game involving angels and demons. The paper goes into detail about the way the game is played, the objectives in the game and how to win. This game is a game played on the computer and the paper describes how the computer plays against the player.
From the Paper
"The action of this game is found at the end of the Bible when God and his angels fight against Satan and his demons over converts. A player must pick up Bible icons for protection for the converts. More icons picked up the more points there are. Icons can be used to obtain more angels or converts. The demons can attack both converts and angels. The only way to protect converts is through the Bible icons. When a demon hits a convert or angel, points wreck up for the opponent. The object of the game is to win points in favor of God and the angels. The computer adds points against God and his angels. Whenever the game is over whoever has the most points wins the game."
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Fluid Mechanics, 1996.
Study of behavior of fluids. Fluid statics, kinematics, conservation of mass, momentum, energy, potential & viscous flow, more.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 111.95
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From the Paper
"The engineering definitions, methods of analysis, and significance of many elements of the study of fluid mechanics are presented.
Definitions and Fluid Properties
Fluids can be either liquids or gases, and fluid mechanics "refers to the study of the behavior of fluids, either at rest or in motion." Nunn elaborates that there are "two main physical properties defining a fluid: density and viscosity." Nunn then subdivides fluid mechanics into three major categories of ideal fluid flow, in which density is constant and viscous effects are negligible; compressible flow, in which density varies from place to place throughout the fluid and viscosity effects are trivial or..."
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Interpersonal Dynamics & Mechanics of a Job Interview, 2006.
A discussion regarding time management in the interview process.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 11 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This essay deals with time management as a component of the job interview process. Time management is defined by this paper as the process of ensuring that the amount of time scheduled for a particular task is appropriate to the task itself and that it is measurable and in line with time and cost estimation. Time management applied to business tasks and processes ensures that tasks are completed on schedule and on budget.
From the Paper
"Time management in business is the process of ensuring that the amount of time scheduled for a particular task is appropriate to the task itself and that it is measurable and in line with time and cost estimation (Robertson, 1999). Time management applied to business tasks and processes ensures that tasks are completed on schedule and on budget (Sanborn, 2005). The interview process is in some ways unique in that interpersonal dynamics come into play during a job interview. While a normal part of any business function, the job, interpersonal dynamics can adversely affect the process and the outcome. "
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Structure, Grammar and Mechanics, 2008.
This paper discusses whether sharing music-based files is a morally acceptable act.
917 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses whether illegally downloading music from such programs as the now essentially defunct Napster is one of morals. The writer questions whether downloading music without paying for it is morally wrong or, on the other hand, is an act of freedom of expression. The writer maintains that the answer to this question depends heavily on one's own personal beliefs and general character. The writer states that since it is rare that one will get caught downloading music, a person is likely to justify one's actions as an example of freedom of expression. On the other hand, an individual with a strong personal moral belief against stealing will be more likely to view the act of downloading music as being morally wrong.
From the Paper
"Morals are a general set of rules or code of conduct that is held to be authoritative in determining whether an action is right or wrong. Although the source of this moral code of conduct is numerous and open to debate, it can generally be said that morals are dictated by society, philosophy, religion and personal convictions.
"In terms of society's influence on morals, it can be said that it is society's established norms of behavior that more often dictate that society's moral code than such things as the written rules and laws. In summary, a society's moral code is a generally shared understanding of behavior, particularly of what type of behavior is acceptable and what type of behavior will not be tolerated. This determination is often evolved through a combination o that society's customs, history, ritual and general etiquette."
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Integrated Studies, 2004.
A discussion of the association between mathematics and science.
1,935 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, for many who lack a strong grounding in math and science, the two are often associated as being the same. The purpose of this paper is to define mathematics and science, showing them as two distinct fields of inquiry and then to show how advances in theoretical mathematics contribute the framework needed for scientists in the study of quantum mechanics, a branch of physics, which in turn, is one of the many branches of science.
Outline
Introduction
Mathematics
Science
Quantum Mechanics
Mathematics and Quantum Mechanics
Science and Quantum Mechanics
From the Paper
"Finally, applied mathematics is a term loosely applied to a range of studies which have significant use in the sciences, specifically the empirical sciences, (branches of science open to practical or experiential experimenting). Applied mathematics makes use of numerical methods and computer science, seeking concrete solutions to explicit mathematical problems. In science and technology it has a major use as a way to model and/or simulate natural phenomenon or events. Examples include using mathematical models in computer generated wind tunnel tests to predict the behavior of a given shape of a prototype airplane wing without resorting to expensive actual wind tunnel testing."
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Quantum Tunneling, 2007.
An analysis of the theory and uses of quantum tunneling, specifically the Esaki diode.
2,194 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses quantum tunneling, which is a function of quantum-mechanical activity in the instance where a particle moves against potential energy and appears on the other side of the energy barrier. The paper describes the theory behind quantum tunneling. It focuses on the Esaki diode and looks at its potential uses now and in the future.
From the Paper
"While the Esaki diode has not been widely used, its application is nearing widespread use in computers. The diode circuits have been developed and crash programs have been implemented by major computer makers in order to apply it to communications equipment. Yet there still is resistance to the use of these phenomenal little circuits, where currents may be reversed. Some designers and engineers prefer transistors. Proven circuits and solid-state technology that is already acceptable seem to be sufficient, they say. But interest in the diode is so great that they are being forced to try to apply this not-so-new technology to obtain ultra-high speed and ultra-low power consumption in the computer industry. The diode phenomenon dominated 1960 Physics Conferences."
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The Origins of The Mechanical Clock, 2006.
A discussion and exploration of the origins of the mechanical clock.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The mechanical clock is one of the most common technologies in the Western world. The fact that the mechanical clock is so common means that many people have a difficult time believing that there have been periods of time in which the mechanical clock did not exist. In this bibliographic essay the origins of the mechanical clock are examined. The paper demonstrates that the mechanical clock did not simply spring into existence as a result of a single innovation. Instead the mechanical clock resulted from a number of technological and social developments.
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Quantum Cryptography, 2007.
An overview of the use of and the theory behind quantum cryptography.
1,906 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how quantum cryptography is a fast growing form of encryption that is not based upon the difficulty of mathematical algorithms and instead employs quantum physics to encrypt information on the physical level. It emphasizes the need for an innovative cipher as well as the need to inform the IT community regarding the commercial application of quantum cryptography. It also provides a broad overview of the quantum cryptographic protocol and operation using fiber optic media.
From the Paper
"The integrity of information between sender and receiver relies upon secure channels and more importantly the ability to protect the information from unauthorized recipients. The transmission of information can be compromised when a third party listens in on the transmission media measuring the physical object. Consequently, the eavesdropper can effectively intercept the contents of a communication. Certain types of classical cryptography have proven vulnerable to the interception of data and the incident can remain undetected during the entire transmission. This idea of a man-in-the-middle attack on communication media using quantum cryptography is not possible due to the laws of quantum mechanics. Quantum superposition's and quantum entanglement are two properties of quantum physics used to detect eavesdropping. "
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Control Mechanisms at Johnson & Johnson, 2008.
This paper discusses different practices used at Johnson & Johnson and four control mechanisms it uses to encourage desired conduct.
1,070 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer covers four mechanisms of control used by Johnson & Johnson (J&J) and how these mechanisms reinforce desired behavior at the division President level. The writer examines the positive and negative aspects of these control mechanisms and explains how these control mechanisms impact the organization in its four key functions, which are planning, organizing, leading and controlling. The writer concludes that J&J joins a few other Fortune 100 companies in being able to encourage strong financial and ethical performance while continuing to grow and strengthen.
Outline:
Budgetary Controls
Market Controls
Clan Control: Culture and Empowerment
Drawbacks
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As demonstrated above, J&J allows a great deal of operating freedom to its division Presidents. It is similar to the best practices in industry, such as those at Baxter, Abbott and GE, in identifying and encouraging managers to develop. J&J states that one of the advantages of its independent division structure is its ability to give a lot of responsibility to top operating managers quickly. Although the managers have a lot of operating freedom, they must nevertheless respond to corporate cultural values; this is a central condition for promotion of division executives."
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Defense Mechanisms, 2008.
An analysis of the Freudian theory concerning defense mechanisms.
1,463 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper describes and critically evaluates the evidence for psychological defense mechanisms by examining Freudian theory in works such as "Civilization and its Discontents" and responsive works such as "Individual Differences" by Colin Cooper. The paper debates the issue of whether the evidence Freud provided on defense mechanisms is controversial, as are his theories about the id, ego, and superego. The paper contends that one's belief in the existence of defense mechanisms is dependent to a significant extent upon one's belief in Freud's theory of the mind as a whole, and upon one's view of the impact individual differences may have on human psychology.
From the Paper
"Freud (1989) theorized that through projection, when a person's unacceptable, forbidden urges intensify and break into consciousness, they are attributed to others. Likewise, unconscious rationalization eliminates anxiety or guilt by formulating perfectly reasonable reasons for the unacceptable behavior; displacement occurs when a natural urge cannot be vented and is then repressed and often displaced to another, disguised means of venting; and reaction formation occurs in order to fend off an anxiety-inducing and unacceptable impulse by replacing it with its over-emphasized, diametrically opposite impulse. "
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Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Copper, 2002.
An introduction to the general procedure of a chemical mechanical polishing process for copper.
2,209 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 27 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) is one of the most effective methods in achieving adequate local and global surface planarization and how chemical mechanical polishing of copper attracts a lot of interest. It examines the effects of different factors including the slurry, polishing pads and down force etc. on the quality of planarized copper layer in CMP Cu. It also presents, a new CMP copper technique with the name of ?Abrasive-free polishing (AFP)?.
Outline
Introduction to CMP and CMP Copper(Cu)
Techniques of CMP copper
Removal Mechanism
Slurry-- Chemistry
Slurry?Abrasives Particles
Processing Factors
Polishing Pads
Abrasive-Free Polishing of Copper-a New Technique
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of using copper (Cu) for low resistivity electrical connections in microelectronic devices.1,2 In fact, copper is one of most commonly used pure metals in the electrical industry because of its low conduct resistivity of about 6?10-8W-m and excellent mechanical properties as well. There are various methods to deposit Cu thin films, for example, electroplating, electroless plating, sputtering and thermal evaporation can be used.3.4 The copper thin films achieved by these techniques, especially those from the electrochemical techniques, are not planar enough to promise a successful multilevel interconnection. However, in fabrication of a logic device with five or more layers, at least one layer should be perfectly planar. Lack of layer planarity may lead to severe problems for photo-lithography (such as insufficient focus depth) and dry etching in sub 0.5 mm 5. Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) is one of the most effective methods in achieving adequate local and global surface planarization.6 Therefore, chemical mechanical polishing of copper attracts a lot of interests in recent years."
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