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Rape and Society, 2002.
A look at the effect of the act of rape and the legislation surrounding it on our society today.
1,642 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the broad implications of rape and its affect on society as a whole. It looks at how violence against women is flagrant in video games, where women appear as huge-breasted cartoons posed in impossibly suggestive postures, and how our media sensationalizes sex crimes, rapes, murders, and the like, with stylized headlines and flashy commentary. It shows how, as a society, we are traumatized because there are no clear definitions of what rape is, who the victim is, and what the moral boundaries of sexual behavior are.
From the Paper
"How does rape affect us? ?Rape is a trauma just like a major disaster such as a tornado or bad car accident? (Koss and Harvey, 173 ). If rape inflicts trauma on society, then why does it continue? ?At present, as we enter the third millennium and women have made great social strides and obtained legal rights equal to those of men, they continue nevertheless to be portrayed by media advertising and pornographic literature as objects of desire and lust? (Palermo and Farkas, 40). Our morality is changing. In 1939 the movie ?Gone With The Wind? the producers took a terrible chance and allowed its lead actor to utter the word damn. In 2003 it is common to hear the word damn on primetime television or read that its utterance as attributed to national leaders."
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Rape Myths, 2008.
This paper argues the negative influences of rape myths on crime policy and society.
3,010 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that people who report the crime of rape to the authorities are attacked very often because of rape myths. The author points out that rape myths permeate society with their age old rhetoric and transform large scale false beliefs. The paper stresses that rape myths give perpetrators the ability to justify their actions and, at the same time, they discredit the real victims who wish to seek justice. The author underscores that there are numerous rape myths, but the most common ones, which the author examines in detail, are 'you can't rape the willing', 'men are at danger of being falsely accused of rape', 'some categories of forced sex are not really rape' and, the most famous one of all, 'no can mean yes'.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Impossible to Rape an Unwilling Woman
Women Secretly Want to be Raped
Women Cry Rape
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Metaphorically speaking, the penis was deemed a weapon and the vagina as a submissive holder for it. The saying implicates that by merely 'vibrating', this holder could fend off the attack. In the words of Michael Ryan, one of the most prominent jurists in the 1830s, it was 'almost impossible' to rape a resisting woman. Children who had claimed that they were raped had to do so very carefully, many at the time considered the rape of a child impossible! John Leeson, who was a member of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, was one of the professionals who had claimed this."
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Rape and Virtue in the Media, 2006.
This paper discusses the depiction of rape and virtue in the media.
1,635 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer discusses three different sources regarding the subject of rape and virtue. Women and society are looked at in this article. The writer discusses how rape is viewed in society and the many implicated meanings it has in the minds of both men and women. The writer concludes that the articles discussed in this paper indicate a society that prides itself on its advancement and openness, but that really is still in the Stone Age in many respects.
Outline:
Nongovernmental Organizations, "Grassroots," and the Politics of Virtue.
Toward a New Feminist Theory of Rape
Remapping the Event: Institutional Discourses and the Trauma of Rape
From the Paper
"The author's research began right after apartheid ended, and so covers a time of "historical transformation" in the country and in women's lives. The author admits there were many changes to the country after apartheid ended, but more importantly, many things did not change, including women's networks and their empowerment of other women.
She notes that women's organizations were included in the new government, which gave women new opportunities to lead. It also gave them opportunities to network on a global scale with other women, and this also opens up many questions. How do women pick and choose who to nurture and support and who not to? Ultimately, at least some of this nurturing is based not on need, but on women's perceptions of those who are "virtuous" or "deserving" and those who are not. They make choices based on women who are "trying to help themselves" rather than women who are needy or seem to "beg" for aid from others. In other words, they may choose to help one grassroots organization that seems to be worthy because it cooperates with others, but also because they meet certain requirements. For example, these women might not help a black, uneducated woman because they feel she is not doing anything to help herself, but they would help a black woman who has enrolled in school to learn English."
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The Re-definition of Rape, 2006.
A look at how the feminist movement has re-defined the definition of rape and the effect that rape has on a victim.
1,860 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how historically, the concept of rape has severed to protect a man's right to exclusive sexual access to his woman, while the feminist re-definition of rape empowers women to assert control over their own bodies. This paper also reviews various reactions to this re-definition of rape and discusses the effects that rape has on a victim.
From the Paper
"Criminology indicated that date rape was an under-reported crime (Date pp). Vanstone highlighted the fact that sex through physical violence is clearly viewed as rape, date rape, on the other hand, may not involve physical violence (Date pp). There are other forms other forms of coercion to obtain sex that is also considered rape, such as "fear of violence, detention, intoxication with alcohol or a drug, and deception can all be factors relevant to whether the woman has consented (Date pp). Vanstone said that date rape has been an offence for a very long time, yet only recently has been acknowledged as a serious social problem (Date pp). According to a 1996 survey, almost 90 percent of rape victims know the perpetrator, and of these victims, some 25 percent were the current partner, boyfriend or date of the victim in the twelve months prior to the survey, and if previous partners are added in, the percentage is as high as 37 percent (Date pp). However, date rape is rarely reported to law enforcement authorities, and most surveys indicate that the number of sexual assaults reported to the police are only the tip of the iceberg (Date pp). "
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Rape in Organized Crime, 2008.
This paper provides a critical analysis of rape in organized crime, particularly prostitution and human trafficking for the sex trade industry.
17,500 words (approx. 70.0 pages), 94 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a critical analysis of rape in organized crime, particularly prostitution and human trafficking for the sex trade industry. It includes the history of rape in organized crime of prostitution and the cultural norms that promoted and advanced this industry during olden times. Thereafter this paper highlights the present dilemma of rape in organized crime of prostitution and human trafficking. Subsequently, the scope of organized crime of prostitution and human trafficking is discussed. Then cultural and societal issues promoting rape and prostitution are highlighted. Next, this paper discusses the underlying causes of rape, prostitution and human trafficking. After that, the reasons for using rape and the effect it has on organized crime are revealed. Subsequently, the impact of rape on the trafficked women and children is uncovered. Consequently, this paper exposes the impact of rape on the organized crime industry of prostitution. Lastly, this paper discusses the relationship between rape, prostitution and law. In addition, there is also an account for why this abhorrent crime has a low reporting and conviction rate in the developed world.
Outline:
Introduction
Section 1: History of Rape and Prostitution
Section 2: The Present Dilemma of Rape in Organized Crime of Prostitution and Human Trafficking
Section 3: The Scope of Organized Crime of Prostitution and Human Trafficking
Section 4: Cultural and Societal Issues Promoting Rape and Prostitution
Section 5: The Underlying Causes of Rape, Prostitution and Human Trafficking
Economic Aspect of Prostitution and Rape
The Relationship between Poverty and Feminization
Underground Economy and Corruption
Individual Factors of Prostitutes
Section 6: Why Rape is Used and the Effect it has in Organized Crime
Ensnaring
Establishing Dependence
Seizing Control
Total Supremacy
Section 7: The Impact of Rape and Violence on the Trafficked Women
Section 8: The Impact of Rape and Prostitution on the Organized Crime Industry
Section 9: Rape, Prostitution and Law
Reasons for Non-Reporting
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"In addition, Leuchtag (2003) asserts that human trafficking for sexual exploitation is quite rarely taken up as a human rights violation. In fact more often than not, it is taken up as a national security issue and/or illegal immigration issue. In addition, very often governments and the criminal justice systems complicate human trafficking with smuggling. What is common across both smuggling and human trafficking is that both involve movement of goods/people across borders through unofficial channels (Leuchtag, 2003). Raymond (2002) in his study criticized the amalgamation of human trafficking with smuggling. He argues that one involves the consent of the parties involved, that is, the exporter and the importer of goods; while the other is a form of slavery being carried out by the organized crime mafia. Moreover, the movement of people across borders involves sexual exploitation and gross violation of basic human rights (Raymond, 2002). The trafficked people are mostly from the poorest part of the world that has been deprived of the basic rights and privileges to begin with. They are taken from being in a position of misery to further suffering in the form of rape, abuse, torture and battering (Carrington and Hearn, 2003)."
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Rape Statistics, 2002.
An examination of statistics surrounding the crime of rape - unreported rape, likelihood of being a victim etc.
1,510 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper is a study of the calculation of statistics about rape. The data that the writer chose for this assignment involves the number of injuries resultant from violent crime in the United States. Specifically, the writer looks at how the likelihood of being the victim of a violent crime in the United States is related to gender and race of the victim. Included in the paper are worked calculations and tables.
From the Paper
"In order to make such a study possible, the researchers have to look at a large collection of data, sometimes incomplete that will vary from doctor to doctor. One of the first problems that arise is the underreporting of rape in the United States. It is widely believed in the United States that only 1 out of three rapes are reported to authorities. The second problem is that different doctors will characterize the injuries differently among No injury, severe injury, and minor injury. For example, a bruise for one doctor may be a minor injury, but for another doctor, no injury. The measurement scale is an interval, severe, some (minor) injury, or no injury. Attached is a copy of the data from the Bureau of Justice statistics.'
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The Causes of Rape, 2002.
A comparison of two theories of behavior which lead to rape as set forth by experts in the psychology field.
3,462 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that there are a number of different views of the meaning of rape, its causes and other issues of importance. Different theorists and analysts have offered their view of the meaning of this act, the reason why this type of violence seems necessary to some people, the effect of rape on the victim, and the view taken of these matters by society. The paper explains that criminologists take different views of the causes of rape based on different theories of behavior. It examines two such theories - The 'Social Learning Theory' as set forth by a number of theorists, among them Ronald Akers and 'Radical Feminist Theory', which combines a feminist perspective on society with ideas about what causes human behavior. In terms of rape, this means male behavior. The paper shows that in some ways, both theories address rape from a perspective involving learned behavior and would try to solve the problem by substituting a different learning structure. It explains that where Akers and the Radical Feminists differ is in their definitions of rape and so in terms of the behavior they are explaining.
From the Paper
"Akers (1998) states that his General Theory "is applicable to all types of criminal and deviant behavior, from minor violations of social norms to the most serious and organized criminal activities" (Akers, 1998, xx). He offers a chapter on rape and sexual aggression in which he calls such crimes "sexual access," and describes the crime in terms of non-consensual sexual intercourse. This brings him into conflict with some feminists on the subject, such as Rozee (1994), who states that "limiting definitions of rape to only non-consensual sexual intercourse ignores some of the most violent and obviously non-sex-related cases of rape that occur, such as penetration with objects" (Rozee, 1994, 500). It would also exclude male victims, victims who are underage, wives, and the non-forcible rape of an incapacitated victim, which Rozee would not exclude."
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Rape Myths, 2007.
This paper examines the issue of rape and argues against the myths that place the responsibility for such violence on the victim.
1,069 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that the act of rape is one of the most violent and demeaning crimes in society. Further, the writer notes that rape is more associated with aggression and domination than it is with sex. The writer explains that not only does this act cause physical harm but it is also emotionally and psychologically damaging to the victim. In this paper, the writer discusses that in spite of the suffering of rape victims, the myth is often propagated in society that women initiate rape either by being alluring or tacitly leading the male on. The writer concludes that it should be remembered that rape is a crime and a social act that has enormous consequences for the victim.
From the Paper
"However, mythical attitudes and stereotypes have an extremely negative effect, not directly only on the women who is a victim of rape but also in terms of the reportage and combating of this crime; as well as on the subsequent arrest rates. Due to this myth that women often invite rape, many women feel that they are somehow to blame if they are raped. This has been given as a central reason why many women do not report being raped to the authorities. The myths therefore tend to distort the victims sense of psychological balance and viewpoint and point to the possibility that she may have in some way led the rapist on or encouraged him. These women therefore internalize the dominant social rape myths that are promulgated in the society and culture so that they become a measure of 'reality'."
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"Rape Fantasies", 2006.
This article discusses Margaret Atwood's short story "Rape Fantasies".
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This article studies the book "Rape Fantasies" and the writer asks the question "Who is the victim when a woman is raped?" The writer maintains that the women of Margaret Atwood's short story "Rape Fantasies" suggest that women often cannot identify who is a victim and who is not a victim when they are raped. The story is told as a monologue in the first person voice of a woman named Estelle. It chronicles a group of women indulging in spoken fantasies about rape, specifically being raped by men. At first, the women's joking tones suggest that they are not really talking about being raped at all, but enjoying their sexuality. The women desire sex with strangers but use the word 'rape' as a way of discussing their unspoken and unacknowledged sexual desires in a culture that does not permit women to openly acknowledge their sexuality in a positive fashion. But at the end of the story, as Estelle is revealed to be speaking her monologue to a man she has met in a bar, Atwood suggests that ultimately, even when women are joking about rape, rape is still a very serious act against women in terms of female victimization.
From the Paper
"In defiance of the warnings cited by the narrator from popular women's magazines, Chrissy says she fears men. But Chrissy is still a victim, because she cannot enjoy sex other than in terms of being forced to enjoy sex. In her daily life Chrissy dresses to attract men and to win male approval. In Chrissy's private life she uses the idea of forced sexuality as a way of enjoying male attentions without the pressures of the consenting to sex. Thus, Chrissy is still a victim of rape ideology.
Estelle, the office worker responds to Chrissy's comments by noting how popular the topic of rape has become in women's magazines, citing titles like "Rape: Ten Things To Do About It" is less open in her attitude. At first, Estelle pokes fun at the magazine's obsession, noting that the carefulness urged by the magazine on the part of women makes it seem like avoiding sexual assault is a step-by-step process ''like it was ten new hairdos or something," not a serious criminal and personal issue. The story evolves from Estelle's point of view. But there are hints that Estelle initially finds the conversation of her female colleagues uncomfortable, as is evidenced by her focus on the beginning pursuit of the women, a bridge game and by concentrating on her bidding."
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The Social Learning Account of Rape, 2006.
A critical explanation into the causation of rape, focusing on the social learning theory of rape.
2,430 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
Rape has a number of definitions and traditionally rape is defined as the forced, non consensual, penetrative vaginal sex. This paper aims to discuss the causation behind this cruel and obscene violation to a person's self, using the most popular theory of rape; the social learning theory. It begins with a generalisation of the theory with reference to Bandura, of which the theory is based upon followed by an explanation of how this theory relates to and provides a cause for the unlawful act.
The main theme throughout is pornography and how this may or may not have a direct effect upon people, particularly men who rape. It also discusses the impact of culture, society, aggression theories and feminism.
From the Paper
"The social learning theory is a general theory of human behaviour, a variant of Behaviourism which looks at the way in which certain behaviour is acquired. Social learning theory, however, pays greater attention to the concept of human development and moreover recognises substantially the role of social reinforcements in explaining how these behaviours are learned. The basic proposition is that the same learning process in a context of social structure, situation and interaction, generates both conforming and deviant behaviour."
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The Effects of Rape on Subsequent Relationships, 2001.
A research paper on the effect of rape on later relationships, determining if women who are raped have a difficult time becoming emotionally or romantically close to a man.
2,275 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the effect rape has on victims' subsequent intimate relationships. By interviewing women and providing in-depth research this paper show how women who have been raped a single time by a man who she does not know are more likely to have problems with their post-rape relationships. The paper details reasons for this difficulty in forming relationships and discusses possible treatments.
From the Paper
"In a society where rape is a common occurrence, Kilpatrick, Edmonds, & Seymour (1992) found that 1 in 8 adult women in a given community have been raped, it is important to understand the long-term effects on the victim (as cited in Layman, Gidycz, & Lynn 1996). More specifically, the purpose of this study is to discover the long-term effects of rape on subsequent intimate (emotional and sexual involved) relationships on women who have been raped a single time. It is hypothesized that women who are raped a single time and do not receive social and psychological support will be more likely than women who have not been raped to have difficulties with subsequent intimate relationships with men. Women are the focus of this study because they are commonly thought of as being raped more often than and are more likely to report rape than men."
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Childhood Rape, 2004.
Explores the long-term effects of rape using the book, "Prince of Tides", for reference.
1,489 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper examines the topic of childhood rape through the storyline of the book, "Prince of Tides", and explores research into long-term effects of rape, focusing on childhood rape. How childhood rape affects a person as an adult is the central theme of this paper.
From the Paper
"For many years troubled adults were ignored or punished for their mental state. Adults who had been raped as children were expected to just ?get over it? or ?move past it?. Society did not connect the fact that the adult had been raped as a child with the problems occurring in adulthood. These adults would display instability in many ways when it came to conducting their lives. In recent history therapists have begun to understand the very real long lasting effect that childhood rape has on the lives of the adult victims. In the story Prince of Tides by Pat Connery the issue of rape effects are explored and explained in the plot. While the book itself is fiction it is a truthful and honest account of the negative impact childhood rape has on the victim when the victim enters and lives in adulthood."
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The Causes of Rape, 2008.
A review of the book "The Minds of Boys: Saving Our Sons from Falling Behind in School and Life." by Michael Gurian's and Kathy Stevens.
1,330 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Michael Gurian's and Kathy Stevens' book on the causes of rape, "The Minds of Boys: Saving Our Sons from Falling Behind in School and Life." by Michael Gurian and Kathy Stevens." The paper discusses the excellent manner in which Michael Gurian and Kathy Stevens touch upon the need for parents to make the early years of a boy's life ones in which emotional intelligence and bonding capabilities are established. The paper then outlines how teachers (and society as a whole) must do a better job of recognizing the vulnerabilities of men and the challenges they face. The paper also looks at the contradictory "messages" that society transmits to young men and how they contribute to incidences of sexual violence. In conclusion, the paper shows that until the psychological, emotional and scholastic needs of boys are fully met by society, sexual violence will continue to be a frightening menace.
From the Paper
"The tension between men and women has grown substantially in recent decades as the initial fight for equality waged by feminists on behalf of all women gradually gave way to a "gender feminism" all-too-often typified by anti-male rhetoric and by a legislative agenda that privileged the needs of girls over boys. Not surprisingly, this anger and resentment has dramatically increased the prospects of an all-out "gender war" that will leave both sides as victims."
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Rape: Rapist-Victim Relationship, 2000.
An examination of forcible rape and its effects, focusing on whether the rapist knows the victim or not (stranger, acquaintance, spouse), it tests hypotheses on use of weapon and reporting of crime, legal definition and changing laws and rape myths.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 13 sources, $ 127.95
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From the Paper
"Offender-Victim Relationships in Rape
Abstract
This research examined the crime of forcible rape of women in the United States. The primary focus of this examination is the victim-offender relationship. Three hypotheses were tested. The first hypothesis held that a woman is more likely to be raped by a close friend or family member than by a stranger. The second hypothesis held that most rapes will be committed without the use of a weapon. The third hypothesis held that a woman will be least likely to make a formal report of a rape when the person committing the rape is a close personal friend or family member. Each of the hypotheses was supported.
The conclusion drawn from the findings of this research is that males in..."
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