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Restorative Justice and Rape Victims, 2007.
An analysis of how restorative justice is used by rape victims to heal after the crime.
1,351 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of restorative justice with regards to rape victims. It gives a definition of restorative justice according to different groups and describes how this form of justice is meant to assist the victim. The paper discusses restorative justice in relation to past cases of rapes and how the victims and families dealt with the crime.
From the Paper
"Because Lucy's bones were part of the evidence, the family could not receive them until the case was ended, but Marian did see her sister's bones; "I gasped at the sight of her skull - it was so beautiful, like burnished gold..." Meanwhile in order to bring closure, Marian was advised by her Buddhist counselor about restorative justice, and she became involved in mediation for other rape victims. Marian told a group of incarcerated rapists that her sister had been gagged before being killed, and so she, Marian, wished to hear their truths. "One of the prisoners who had committed multiple rape said, '...Until you spoke I was just play at victim empathy,' and it clearly helped him to understand what he'd done." And moreover, Marian is planning to write a letter to one of the two persons (now in prison) responsible for the mass murders (and Lucy's murder). "Those who know her [the convicted co-murderer] have advised me that it is not yet time to suggest..." a meeting between the two. "Meanwhile, I am content to continue sending her compassion," Marian concluded."
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Anti-Depressant Medication and Rape Victims, 2004.
Argues that over-prescribing anti-depressants world-wide could prevent rape survivors from seeking and receiving treatment for depression and other mental health diseases.
2,554 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper contends that the skyrocketing number of prescriptions for anti-depressants recently has caused some to worry that patients, such as rape victims, who could benefit from the addition of medication in their recovery, might not be able to get the much-needed medicine.
From the Paper
"The recent FDA decision regarding SSRI?s (Selective Seratonin Reuptake Inhibitors) has caused the medical community to scale down anti-depressant prescriptions in recent months. This project in intended to shed light on the growing problem of over-prescribing anti-depressants and the effects that ultimately could prevent rape survivors from receiving the much needed medications they need for recovery."
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Rape: Rapist-Victim Relationship, 2000.
An examination of forcible rape and its effects, focusing on whether the rapist knows the victim or not (stranger, acquaintance, spouse), it tests hypotheses on use of weapon and reporting of crime, legal definition and changing laws and rape myths.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 13 sources, $ 127.95
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From the Paper
"Offender-Victim Relationships in Rape
Abstract
This research examined the crime of forcible rape of women in the United States. The primary focus of this examination is the victim-offender relationship. Three hypotheses were tested. The first hypothesis held that a woman is more likely to be raped by a close friend or family member than by a stranger. The second hypothesis held that most rapes will be committed without the use of a weapon. The third hypothesis held that a woman will be least likely to make a formal report of a rape when the person committing the rape is a close personal friend or family member. Each of the hypotheses was supported.
The conclusion drawn from the findings of this research is that males in..."
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Victims and Victimization vs Resistance, 2005.
This paper reviews the novel 'Ragtime' by E.L. Doctorow, focusing specifically on the theme of victimization.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the role of victim/victimizers in Doctorow's 'Ragtime' is apparent, as many of the characters in Ragtime struggle to establish or counteract social norms. The basis race and creed become the catalysts for bigotry and class stratification that allows the victim concept to be enacted. However, the sense of awareness and consciousness that Mother, Walker, Sarah, and others feel against the hypocritical Father become resistance. The basis of resistance lies on the ability of Doctorow's character to consciously change themselves by avoiding societal traditions and traps that limit their lives.
From the Paper
"In this literary study, the novel 'Ragtime' by E.L. Doctorow will be examined in relation to the theme of victims and victimization versus resistance. This novel relies more upon resistance to the historical trends found within Doctorow's "turn-of the century" American cultural and racial perspectives. Although many characters become victims and victimizers of the historical period in question, the greater reliance on Doctorow's literary approach reflects resistance to accepted societal norms. In essence, although arguments can certainly prove that the "victim roles" and "victimization" do abound in the way that characters interact within this novel, resistance provides a more conscious and verifiable way to understand change and intercultural relationships in Ragtime. The feelings of victimization in Ragtime are present within Doctorow's various stories through the institution of the American family."
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Victims of Social Mores or Victims of Character?, 2008.
An analysis of the main characters in Anton Chekhov's "The Lady with the Dog," Leo Tolstoy's "The Death of Ivan Ilyich" and Henrik Ibsen "Hedda Gabler".
1,232 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper questions whether society makes the man or whether the character of the individual determines his or her fate. The paper studies the protagonists of the 19th century stories "The Death of Ivan Ilyich," "The Lady with the Dog" and "Hedda Gabler" and shows how, although all of the protagonists are subject to social shaping, none of them are innocent. The paper explains that all characters show some free will in their actions, to the extent to which they allow their love of creature comforts or fear of what people will say to prevent them doing from what they morally know is right.
From the Paper
"Anton Chekhov's "The Lady with the Dog" has a female protagonist named Anna who is married to a man she does respect, a man very similar to Tolstoy's unattractive central character, a man she calls a flunky. She unexpectedly falls in love with a man while she is on a seaside vacation in Yalta who is not her husband, a man who is also trapped in a loveless marriage named Gurov. Anna and Gurov married before they knew what love truly could feel like, but the live in a society where divorce is a kind of social death."
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Rape Shield Statutes, 2000.
An arguement for the statutes to protect rape victims from harassment and to increase the chances of conviction of the defendant.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper contends that rape shield statutes should exist and be enforced to protect the rape victims from unnecessary harassment in court and increase the chances of conviction. Rape shield laws are designed to protect women from defense attorneys who attempt to introduce irrelevant evidence of a victim's past sexual conduct (Barrett, 1987, p. 57; Bachman & Paternoster, 1993, p. 557).
From the Paper
"This paper contends that rape shield statutes should exist and be enforced to protect the rape victims from unnecessary harassment in court and increase the chances of conviction. Rape shield laws are designed to protect women from defense attorneys who attempt to introduce irrelevant evidence of a victim's past sexual conduct (Barrett, 1987, p. 57; Bachman & Paternoster, 1993, p. 557). They have been created to overcome the overwhelming court bias against the victims and their prosecutors. For example, the notorious instructions of Matthew Hale, Lord Chief Justice of the Bench, have cast a shadow over the attempts of the victims and their prosecutors to win their cases: "…rape is an accusation easy to be made, hard to be proved, and harder to be defended by the party accused though ever so innocent" (qtd. in Bachman & Paternoster, 1993, p. 557)."
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The Re-definition of Rape, 2006.
A look at how the feminist movement has re-defined the definition of rape and the effect that rape has on a victim.
1,860 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how historically, the concept of rape has severed to protect a man's right to exclusive sexual access to his woman, while the feminist re-definition of rape empowers women to assert control over their own bodies. This paper also reviews various reactions to this re-definition of rape and discusses the effects that rape has on a victim.
From the Paper
"Criminology indicated that date rape was an under-reported crime (Date pp). Vanstone highlighted the fact that sex through physical violence is clearly viewed as rape, date rape, on the other hand, may not involve physical violence (Date pp). There are other forms other forms of coercion to obtain sex that is also considered rape, such as "fear of violence, detention, intoxication with alcohol or a drug, and deception can all be factors relevant to whether the woman has consented (Date pp). Vanstone said that date rape has been an offence for a very long time, yet only recently has been acknowledged as a serious social problem (Date pp). According to a 1996 survey, almost 90 percent of rape victims know the perpetrator, and of these victims, some 25 percent were the current partner, boyfriend or date of the victim in the twelve months prior to the survey, and if previous partners are added in, the percentage is as high as 37 percent (Date pp). However, date rape is rarely reported to law enforcement authorities, and most surveys indicate that the number of sexual assaults reported to the police are only the tip of the iceberg (Date pp). "
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Consequences of Rape, 2002.
Looking at the consequences of rape on the victim and attacker.
1,610 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This is a paper discussing the consequences of rape. Included are the psychological problems after experiencing rape and jail terms for each of the different degrees of rape. It shows how awareness has changed as recognize that rape is not a sexual act but a criminal act of violence.
From the Paper
"By law, rape is ?the crime of sexual intercourse without the consent of the victim, often through force or threat of violence?(Rape pg). Statutory rape is the rape of a victim who is ?deemed legally incapable of consenting if she or he is known to be mentally incompetent, intoxicated, drugged or below the age of consent at the time of the rape? (Rape pg). Although, traditionally rape is a term applied to male sexual force upon a female, revisions have been made in many jurisdictions to include the possibility of a male victim. For years, issues concerning rape and the law have been debated in the United States. However, efforts by feminist groups have been successful in expanding victim?s rights, such as the removal of statutes that required rape victims to physically resist attackers (Rape pg). In the past, rape victims were required to show signs of injury in order to prove they had not consented to sexual relations. Another reform has been making marital rape a crime in many circumstances. In 1975, South Dakota was the first state to enact such law reforms. Since the 1980?s, date rape, the rape by an acquaintance, has become a very important issue, especially on college campuses, although, guilt is difficult to establish (Rape pg). Rape is a world wide problem and leaves profound psychological effects upon the victims."
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Bio-Ethics: Rape and Abortion, 2007.
A discussion of ethics on whether a teenage rape victim should have an abortion.
2,014 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the question of whether or not a 15-year old girl, pregnant courtesy a rape committed by an unknown assailant, should abort the fetus or not. The paper also looks at whether or not the parents of the girl have an ethical obligation to counsel her against the abortion, an ethical obligation to counsel her to have the abortion, or whether they should simply stand aside and let the girl make up her own mind. The paper explains that in addressing this problematic subject, it is essential that some philosophical theories be introduced so as to offer an intellectual framework for the discussion and the paper then examines Kant's deontology (with its emphasis upon the categorical imperative) and the theory of utilitarianism espoused by Jeremy Bentham, John Stewart Mills and others (with its concomitant emphasis upon "proportionality"). In conclusion, the paper shows that a deontological approach to this problem is too inflexible and unyielding and that a better resolution is to apply a proportionality test which recognizes that the harm which would be done to the young girl if the child was brought to term outweighs the argument by others that abortion is unethical.
From the Paper
"In the view of Erin Soros, the fetus arising from a rape becomes, at least for the woman or child who must bear it, a manifestation and reminder of the illegitimate desire of another. Additionally, the fetus is "a physical replacement for the part of herself that was lost through the trauma" (Soros, 1998, p.153). From an ethical stand-point, the woman's body has been violated by another and, to the extent that an abortion can heal the psychic wounds inflicted by rape, a woman is entirely within her prerogatives to demand that the product of sexual violence be excised from her being. For the young girl whose story lies at the heart of this paper, there is a utilitarian component to all of this; to wit, the suffering she would endure, and the displacement within her life which would result, from bringing the child to term outweighs whatever loss might be associated with aborting the fetus - at least that is Erin Soros' view."
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Rape Statistics, 2002.
An examination of statistics surrounding the crime of rape - unreported rape, likelihood of being a victim etc.
1,510 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper is a study of the calculation of statistics about rape. The data that the writer chose for this assignment involves the number of injuries resultant from violent crime in the United States. Specifically, the writer looks at how the likelihood of being the victim of a violent crime in the United States is related to gender and race of the victim. Included in the paper are worked calculations and tables.
From the Paper
"In order to make such a study possible, the researchers have to look at a large collection of data, sometimes incomplete that will vary from doctor to doctor. One of the first problems that arise is the underreporting of rape in the United States. It is widely believed in the United States that only 1 out of three rapes are reported to authorities. The second problem is that different doctors will characterize the injuries differently among No injury, severe injury, and minor injury. For example, a bruise for one doctor may be a minor injury, but for another doctor, no injury. The measurement scale is an interval, severe, some (minor) injury, or no injury. Attached is a copy of the data from the Bureau of Justice statistics.'
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Sex Offenders and Their Relationships with the Victims, 2006.
This paper discusses the problem of rape and child sexual abuse in America, with particular focus on the offender's relationship with the victim.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the motivation behind sexual offenders and the devastating effects of the crime on its victims. The paper explains that sexual offenders turn their victims into objects that they dominate and degrade and that sexual child abuse and rape hurts the individual mentally and spiritually. Furthermore, victims are often misunderstood and suffer long-term problems. The paper includes statistics on rape and child sexual abuse.
From the Paper
"According to the U.S. Department of Justice, "Somewhere in America, a woman is raped every 2 minutes" (American Rape Statistics 2006). Rape is a major problem in America with many women failing to report rape to the police or even their significant other. One in six American women has been the victim of an attempted or completed rape..." (2005). Are these women raped by strangers? Are these women harmed if they are not beaten or stabbed? The statistics on sexual child abuse is similar. "The typical child sex offender molests an average of 117 children, most of who do not report the offence" (Child Abuse 2006). Many of these victims become adults without telling anyone during their childhood years and often do not tell others even as adults. Child Abuse Research and Statistics show that "there are 60 million survivors of childhood sexual abuse in America today"."
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Victims? Rights Constitutional Amendment, 2004.
A look at arguments for and against the victims? rights Constitutional amendment.
1,101 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the how Senate Judiciary Committee passed the victims? rights Constitutional amendment, which would give crime victims the right to be notified, present and heard at critical stages throughout their case. It examines how advocates for the amendment believe it encompasses four basic ideas: that all victims should be treated with the same dignity and given the same information as the accused criminal; how victims are notified when rapists or abusers are let out of jail or prison; how no one can profit from crime, and any monies should go to the victims and their families; and finally, how nationwide victims will be allowed to make victim impact statements before final sentencing. It also discusses how the amendment has encountered much opposition from nonprofit groups and prosecutors and judges who believe that granting victims the right to a speedy trial may put pressure on prosecution to try the case before it is ready.
From the Paper
"The amendment also denies defendants due process rights, due process rights protect the innocent from arrest and imprisonment. They do not exist to protect the guilty criminals from punishment. One basic due process right is the right to be afforded an impartial trial. However, when you have victims pleading to the jury to return a guilty verdict, you can easily see that someone innocent could easily be denied the due process of the law (aclu.org). The result of this miscarriage of justice is innocent people being wrongfully convicted for crimes they did not commit (Wallace)."
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Unborn Victims of Violence, 2006.
A case study of the death of an unborn baby in relation to the "Unborn Victims of Violence Act".
1,850 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper comprises of a case study of a victim of violence, Heaven Lashy, the unborn baby girl of Shiwona Prince, Arkansas 1999. This paper researches the history and evolution of the law "Unborn Victims of Violence Act" and explains how a course of debilitating efforts and ironic incidences led to its evolution.
Contents:
Abstract
Case Study
Evolution of Unborn Victims Violence Act
Legal Issues Arising From The Violence Act Against Unborn Victims
What The Future Holds
From the Paper
"Fortunately, a month before this incidence the state of Arkansas had adopted a new State Law by the name of Unborn Victims of Violence Act August 1999. This law recognized unborn children as crime victims and thereby gave a status of living human being to fetuses. Thanks to that law, Shiwona's boyfriend, Erik Bullock and the men he hired were duly prosecuted and convicted for their murder of Heaven along with assault on Shiwona. The law was meant to protect all such Heavens who are unable to protect themselves.
But many women have not been as fortunate as Shiwona. As the March 21, 2001 edition of the Journal of the American Medical Association reveals that after doing away with age and race, homicide is the leading cause of death among pregnant women in Maryland while the same is fifth leading cause of death among non-pregnant women. This indicates that the fatal and non-fatal assaults on pregnant women - including those who are attacked knowingly and intentionally "with child", are far more common than most people presume. "
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Victims' Rights in the United States, 2005.
An overview and analysis of victims' rights in the United States.
5,421 words (approx. 21.7 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 133.95
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Abstract
This essay examines how victims' rights are viewed in the United States, compared with the rights of criminal defendants, and provides a discussion of the constitutional issues involved. A discussion of the incidence of victimization among young people and current trends is provided. An overview of victims' advocacy groups and an examination of what people can do when they become victims is also included. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion. Also includes an appendix.
From the Paper
"America has been characterized repeatedly as a land of laws. We cherish our Bill of Rights and the hard-earned liberties wrung from the tight grip of the state over the years. When an individual is accused of a crime in the United States, a vast bureaucracy of defense attorneys and court proceedings takes over which provides a wide range of benefits, services, privileges and rights for the accused. While universally characterized as underbudgeted and overburdened, the court system is still required to provide a certain level of legal defense for those defendants who cannot afford it. However, the victim of the crime (technically the proper term is "alleged victim" until the guilt of the defendant is established by a court of competent jurisdiction) is frequently overlooked while the bureaucratic gears grind out justice for the defendant. However, things are beginning to change and a national network of victim advocacy groups is taking shape. For example, in 1980, there were 27 victim compensation programs in the United States. By 1998, however, there were 50 state programs as well as ones in the District of Columbia and the U.S. Virgin Islands."
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Sexual Offenders and the Impact on the Victims, 2006.
A discussion regarding sexual offender types, statistics and the impact left on the victims.
4,046 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how every day many children across the world, but most notably, those in the Unites States, fall victim to sexual abuse. The paper reports that it is estimated that over 60 million people today are survivors of child sexual abuse. The paper further discusses the life-long impact the abuse has on the abused children.
Outline:
Abstract
Sexual Offenders and Sexual Abuse
Impact on the Victims
Victim Characteristics
Sexual Offender Types and Terms
Warning Signs and Abuse Disclosure
Sex Offender Punishments
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Over the course of our country's history, society has had to deal with many very important social issues (abortion, religion, equal rights, etc.). One topic, however, remains an extremely prominent problem. Sexual abuse in this country, and in many others, has become so recurrent that it has affected hundreds of thousands of people, most notably children. The effects of sexual abuse on the victims are, by and large, everlasting, and very troublesome. Sexual abuse is quite the 'forbidden' topic, as it makes everyone uncomfortable, but this is precisely why it needs to be addressed and dealt with. Abusers are most commonly punished with jail time and some are required to attend therapy sessions, but some are not. This method of punishment and rehabilitation, fearfully, is not quite as successful as everyone tends to believe it is. Many sex offenders become repeat offenders more often than people would like to realize. Due to the fact that child sexual abuse is such a serious issue, and many children are affected for the rest of their lives, there needs to be much more improvement in the area of preventing this from happening, as well as helping the victims and treating the offenders so that they do not continue to hurt others in this way. The major question that needs to be reflected upon is can these people be helped, and if so, what are the more successful ways of doing this? If not, how can we better prevent such occurrences from happening? First, it needs to be discussed what sexual abuse is."
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