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Recycling and Waste Disposal, 1992.
A look at types of garbage, disposal and recycling and educational strategies for children on recycling.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 11 sources, $ 87.95
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From the Paper
I -Waste Disposal and Recycling
1. History
"'What has four wheels and flies?' A garbage truck of course" (Melosi xiii).
Centuries ago, long before anyone even thought of trucking garbage far away from homes and businesses, people used to throw their refuse out the windows into the streets ... hopefully when no one was walking by. Trash thus accumulated till it would reach the top of the upper windows and, soon enough, till it would bury the houses. Archaeologists have cleared thick layers of decomposed and intact garbage and sand to discover entire cities and civilizations heretofore lost under their own garbage. As the field researchers dug and dug deeper, they unearthed six or seven cities, each interred in its own refuse, one city on top..."
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Waste Disposal, 2007.
This paper explores the three methods of waste disposal: landfill, incineration and the 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle).
1,416 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the accumulation of waste is an inevitable problem of highly industrialized, consumerist and rich nations, whose economies thrive on producing and creating demand for more products. The paper discusses three methods that are used to deal with waste: landfill, incineration and the 3Rs: reduce, reuse, recycle. The paper explains how all three methods are associated with various environmental and economic costs. The paper points out, however, that the 3Rs method of waste management has the greatest potential for growth and improvement.
From the Paper
"Waste is a non-avoidable result of high-technology industrialized economies. We live in a consumerist society that encourages us to shop and acquire more things. Hence more things are produced and more waste is generated. In 2000, Canadians generated 1021 kg of non-hazardous waste per capita (Statistics Canada, 2002). 747kg of this waste were disposed of per capita (Statistics Canada, 2002), while the rest was recycled. "Current waste management practices in Canada emphasize techniques and approaches that avoid or minimize the need for waste disposal" (MacLaren, 371). There are three methods used to deal with waste: landfill, incineration and the 3Rs: reduce, reuse, recycle."
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Waste Disposal in the GTA, 2002.
Examines the problem of waste disposal in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA).
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 15 sources, $ 115.95
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Abstract
This paperfocuses on the Greater Toronto Area's curren, and historic reliance on land filling. It identifies the problems with landfilling and other aspects of the GTA's waste disposal plans and proposes alternatives.
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Solid Waste Disposal & Contamination, 2002.
An analysis of the environmental crisis of fecal contamination due to inadequate solid waste disposal.
1,662 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the hazardous effects of inadequate methods of solid waste disposal on the environment. The paper emphasizes the urgency of the need to deal with this issue, and describes fecal contamination as the major culprit. The writer illustrates how the lack of modern sanitation facilities and adequate health care in certain areas, are the main cause of fecal contamination.
From the Paper
"Fecal waste may contain an undetermined number of bacteria, viruses, and parasites capable of causing disease in humans and animals. Studies have focused on numbers of indicator bacteria (total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and fecal streptococci) or enteroviruses in feces and leachates, but have not estimated the total pathogen load or identified the major sources of these pathogens. This may be due to lack of detection methods for many of the pathogens in solid waste or leachate as well as potentially low numbers of viable but non-culturable organisms. Fecal waste is a breeding ground for diseases and even the smallest of contaminations can cause a great deal of problems."
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Nuclear Waste Disposal, 2005.
This paper discusses why the disposal of nuclear waste is a contentious issue that is often the subject of heated debate.
3,421 words (approx. 13.7 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the problem of nuclear wastes and how it presents a particular dilemma on various fronts including health and security issues. Nuclear energy and technology has become an endemic part of modern society. The paper points out that concomitant with the significant advances in the production of nuclear energy as well as its application to the areas of medicine and defense has been the escalation of the problems of nuclear waste disposal.
Includes several graphs and tables and diagrams.
1. Introduction
2. Classification of Types of Nuclear Waste
3. Sources of Nuclear Waste
3.2. Storage of Low Level Waste
3.3 Long-Term Storage of High Level Waste
3.4. The Storage of Plutonium
3.5. Transmutation
4. Conclusion
From the Paper
"This debate emphasizes the dilemma and the importance of finding a permanent and less environmentally hazardous solution to the problems of nuclear waster. All of the methods discussed above provide some solutions to the problems - but they do not as yet present a permanent and fully acceptable means of waste disposal and many of the methods have significant drawbacks and are often manpower intensive and open to the vicissitudes of human error. The answer to what to do with nuclear waste has not yet been adequately answered."
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Recycling Waste, 2005.
An application of the second law of thermodynamics to waste recycling.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper uses the second law of thermodynamics to explain why a properly designed source-separation recycling program takes less energy and produces less pollution than a centralized program that collects mixed waste over a large area and hauls it to a centralized facility where workers or machinery separates the waste for recycling.
From the Paper
"Waste is an unavoidable consequence of our consumer oriented, highly industrialized society. In 2000, Canadians generated 1021 kg of non-hazardous waste per capita (Statistics Canada, 2002). 747kg of this waste were disposed of per capita (Statistics Canada, 2002), while the rest was recycled. Torontonians for example recycled 699 tonnes of household waste in 2001 (Ministry of Environment, 2004). Household waste generation was 353kg per capita in 2000 (Statistics Canada, 2002). The situation is similar in most developing countries although the levels of recycling vary. Growing concern for the environment, constant increase in the amounts of waste produced, economic, land and social costs involved in developing new landfill sites and public opinion have brought about the need to approach waste management in a broader context. "
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A Call for Safer Methods of Nuclear Waste Disposal, 2001.
A call to action for safer methods of disposal of nuclear waste and other radioactive material.
665 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
An argumentative paper, exploring the chemical make up of uranium, showing that it is extremely difficult to dispose of this material in a complete way. It looks at current disposal practices in the world and analyzes their pros and cons.
From the Paper
"Radioactive material is defined as having atoms with extremely excited outer electron shells. This makes them unstable, excitable and an efficient means of providing energy to a population that can afford a nuclear power plant. The main source of this energy is Uranium. This is a naturally occurring element found in rocks and seawater. It is the most heavy element in the periodic table, having 146 neutrons and 92 protons in its stable form. The instable form has 143 neutrons and this is the kind that is used in cores to create energy (UIC website)."
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Waste Disposal in the U.S., 1993.
Examines public policy, laws, recycling, municipal solid waste, hazardous materials, landfills, waste-to-energy plans, industrial pollution, radioactive waste and sewage treatment.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 18 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"The more developed a country is, the more waste it produces. Waste, therefore, is an excellent standard-of-living indicator. The abundance of waste, however, is also a significant source of pollution, and this has become a major concern of governments all over the world.
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) drew up the following categories for waste classification: municipal (mainly household) waste; industrial waste; residue from the production of energy; hospital and agricultural waste, mining spoil and demolition debris; dredge spoil, and sewage sludge--nuclear wastes were regarded separately (3:28). In the industrialized member countries of OECD, where 90 to 100 percent of garbage collection is carried out by municipal authority, people do not seem to worry about what happens to their household ..."
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Nuclear Waste Disposal, 1997.
Provides background of the problem and discusses issues such as spent fuel rods & liquid waste, storage containers, laws, health & environmental threats, site selection, transportation, costs and public views.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 15 sources, $ 111.95
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From the Paper
"NUCLEAR WASTE DISPOSAL
Introduction
This research considers the issue of nuclear waste disposal in the United States. The nuclear waste present in the United States is a combination of spent fuel rods from commercial nuclear power generators, high-level liquid radioactive waste from government-owned nuclear reactors uses in the production of nuclear weapons, and miscellaneous low-level nuclear wastes.
While the way in which nuclear waste should be disposed is a volatile issue, one issue that has not been adequately considered is the separation of the spent fuel rods from the commercial reactors from the high-level weapons production-related nuclear waste with respect to disposal of the materials. Currently, policy calls for all nuclear waste to be placed in long-term storage at..."
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Waste Recycling, 2005.
This paper discusses recycling as a solution for waste management.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
In this essay the writer discusses that waste and its disposal are acute problems throughout the world. The writer notes that the disposal of waste provides a great environmental problem around the world. The writer looks at the use of recycling as a possible solution to the problem.
From the Paper
"Waste disposal presents a big environmental problem that is universal to all nations of the world. Canada is no exception. Ontario for example has to export its waste across the border. There is no single solution to the problem and it is unlikely that our modern, industrialized society will in any near future become waste-free, as waste is an unavoidable consequence of our consumer oriented, highly industrialized society. In 2000, Canadians generated 1021 kg of non-hazardous waste per capita."
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Computer Waste & Recycling, 2004.
This paper examines computer waste and the problem of recycling computers in business.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the problem of recycling computers in business. The paper includes alternatives and a recommendation that they should be donated to charity. The paper also incorporates statistics on the scope of computer waste and studies the global implications of the problem.
From the Paper
"Trash is a problem that confronts everyone, whether in a personal or a commercial setting. Landfills are becoming filled and the media occasionally focuses on trash barges that are unable to find someplace to offload their cargo. For many companies the issue of trash is one that they have handled aggressively. Many companies recycle paper and other consumables and may even recycle office furniture. Computers pose their own set of problems when it comes to obsolescence, however."
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Recycling of Electric and Electronic Waste, 2006.
A study of reasons for and methods of recycling electronic and electrical waste.
3,580 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 29 sources, MLA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the problems of electronic and electrical waste and outlines methods of improving recycling programs. The author explains how recycling programs can help the environment. This paper discusses current European Union resolutions for waste reduction, especially of waste products that cannot be processed in the same manner as standard household garbage. The paper contends that with over 4 kilograms of electronic waste per person annually, the UK needs to push for recycling programs immediately, and describes the programs which currently exist.
From the Paper
"In the process of discussing the waste from electronic and electric industries in Europe, we will first have to look at the basic structures as have been provided. The first of these is for the governments to fix take back requirements for the industries as also the take back specifications for them. Then they have to provide incentives for design of these items in a more efficient way for the environmental purposes. So far as the consumers are concerned they should be able to return their equipment free of charge for further disposal by the manufacturer. The first directive in this regard was issued dated 27 January 2003 and was to be implemented on 13 February 2003. The regulations for the acts by different governments were to be made during 2005. (EU Directive on Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE))"
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Integrated Waste Management, 2007.
A review of the 3 R's (reduction of waste at its source, re-usability and recycling) of waste disposal for Canada.
1,406 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses some of the problems and solutions to Canada's garbage and full landfill issues. It looks at the 3 R's of necessary alternatives - reduction of waste at its source, re-usability and recycling. The paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of this method of garbage disposal and makes recommendations for integrated waste management in Canada.
From the Paper
"3 R's of necessary alternatives are meant "to divert as much waste as possible from disposal" (Mitchell 377) to reduction of waste at its source, reusability, and recycling. Source reduction refers to eliminating as much waste material as possible at its origin to halt "the flow of garbage into the landfill" (The 4 R's). For the consumer it means "reducing the amount of toxicity" (Mitchell 378) in products brought home (water based instead of oil based paints), and the durability of products that will not need to be thrown out despite their inconvenience (cloth instead of disposable diapers). In industry this could include "more efficient manufacturing techniques that produce less scrap or generate fewer toxic wastes per unit of output" (Mitchell 378). In both areas, especially retail, "packaging makes up about half our garbage by volume, one-third by weight" (The 4 R's). Reusability is simply living the way our great-grandparents did down on the farm: repair, don't replace the chair, the new-fangled radio, wash out jars to store things, and if you have to buy, purchase that which lasts. Quality pays for itself. Recycling is the final option, and ideally the least desirable because it means the first two have not achieved their objectives; however, modern life being what it is, what cannot be reused should be broken down by cardboard, paper, bottles, etc. at home. In industry recycling and reusability are often reversed in their order of precedence as they are in some telephone companies who melt down quantities of scrapped copper filaments and remold them into copper wire. This might be an example of the fourth R, recovering (potential) energy from waste, a practice which was employed during wartime especially in England where railings, gates, every scrap of metal was taken by the War Office and melted down for armaments.
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Waste Management, 2007.
This paper discusses the three methods of waste disposal; landfill, incineration and the 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle).
1,426 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper compares and contrasts the limitations of each the three ways of dealing with waste: landfill, incineration and the 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle). In particular, the paper focuses on municipal and non-hazardous waste. The paper critically examines each of these methods and their flaws. The paper argues that the 3Rs are the most sustainable ways of dealing with waste and that, despite the flaws, some of which can be fixed, this is the best long-term solution.
Outline:
Landfill
Incineration
The 3Rs
From the Paper
"Waste disposal presents a big environmental problem that is universal to all nations of the world. Canada is no exception. "In 2000, Canadians generated 1021 kg of non-hazardous waste per capital" Statistics Canada (qtd. in McLaren, 373.) Waste is an increasing problem within our consumerist society, since not only has it brought about adverse environmental impact but it is also becoming increasingly expensive to deal with it and we are producing more despite all our efforts. In Canada for example "non-hazardous waste disposal per capita was 7 per cent higher in 2000 than in 1996" (Mclaren, 373). Gandy states that "many US cities now face a tax burden for their solid waste management which is exceeded only by education and roads" (31)."
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Waste Management in Canada, 2008.
This paper examines the social factors that make waste disposal issues difficult in Canada.
986 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at how the not-in-my-backyard (NIMBY) syndrome affects how sites for waste disposal facilities are located. The paper then examines particular problems facing landfills and incinerators. The paper shows how current waste disposal strategies in Canada are ineffective due to undesirable by-products and strong resistance to these facilities. The paper concludes that the most obvious solution to these problems would appear to be to adopt waste diversion programs like the ones being developed in Toronto.
From the Paper
"To begin this discussion it is necessary to look at the social phenomena known as NIMBY syndrome. NIMBY stands for Not In My Back Yard(Meredith 480). When discussing NIMBY syndrome in "Assessing Environmental Impacts in Canada" Thomas Meredith states,
"...A society collectively accepts the need for a project, say a landfill site, an airport, or a nuclear power plant, but no one wants it near them" (Meredith 480)."
"In this sense NIMBY syndrome can be seen as a way in which land can be made socially unavailable for facilities like incinerators or landfills. This can be seen as a major contradiction because two totally different social and environmental factors are being expressed at the same time. Everyone knows that these facilities are necessary for society to function and are largely unwilling to live without them. However, they are also unwilling to live near the facilities that they desire. Since these two desires can't both be fulfilled it is necessary to look for other options."
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